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0. Exploring Scotogenic Parameter Spaces and Mapping Uncharted Dark Matter Phenomenology with Multi-Objective Search Algorithmsid:2505.08862:id在线阅读
Fernando Abreu de Souza, Nuno Filipe Castro, Miguel Crispim Romão, Werner Porod
We present a novel artificial intelligence approach to explore be...点击展开阅读
0. Exploring Scotogenic Parameter Spaces and Mapping Uncharted Dark Matter Phenomenology with Multi-Objective Search Algorithmsid:2505.08862:id在线阅读
Fernando Abreu de Souza, Nuno Filipe Castro, Miguel Crispim Romão, Werner Porod
We present a novel artificial intelligence approach to explore beyond Standard Model parameter spaces by leveraging a multi-objective optimisation algorithm. We apply this methodology to a non-minimal scotogenic model which is constrained by Higgs mass, anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, dark matter relic density, dark matter direct detection, neutrino masses and mixing, and lepton flavour violating processes. Our results successfully expand on the phenomenological realisations presented in previous work. We compare between multi- and single-objective algorithms and we observe more phenomenologically diverse solutions and an improved search capacity coming from the former. We use novelty detection to further explore sparsely populated regions of phenomenological interest. These results suggest a powerful search strategy that combines the global exploration of multi-objective optimisation with the exploitation of single-objective optimisation.
我们提出了一种新颖的人工智能方法，利用多目标优化算法探索标准模型以外的参数空间。我们将这一方法应用于一个非最小观测模型，该模型受到希格斯质量、μ介子反常磁矩、暗物质遗迹密度、暗物质直接探测、中微子质量和混合以及轻子味道违反过程的约束。我们的结果成功地扩展了之前工作中提出的现象学现实。我们对多目标算法和单目标算法进行了比较，发现前者能提供更多不同现象的解决方案，并提高了搜索能力。我们利用新颖性检测进一步探索人口稀少的现象学兴趣区域。这些结果表明，多目标优化的全局探索与单目标优化的利用相结合，是一种强大的搜索策略。
1. The Migdal effect in solid crystals and the role of non-adiabaticityid:2505.08864:id在线阅读
Angelo Esposito, Andrea Rocchi
We systematically apply the Born-Oppenheimer approximation to show that the Migdal effect in a solid crystal is entirely due to non-adiabatic effects, namely the deviation of the wave function from exact factorization of the electronic and nuclear contributions. The matrix element obtained this way matches exactly the result found by means of a previously derived low energy effective theory.
我们系统地应用了玻恩-奥本海默近似，证明固体晶体中的米格达尔效应完全是由非绝热效应引起的，即波函数偏离了电子和核贡献的精确因式分解。通过这种方法得到的矩阵元素与之前通过低能有效理论得到的结果完全吻合。
2. A High-Quality Composite Pati-Salam Axionid:2505.08866:id在线阅读
Tony Gherghetta, Hitoshi Murayama, Pablo Quílez
We present a composite QCD axion model where the Peccei--Quinn (PQ) symmetry emerges as a high-quality, accidental symmetry. The axion potential is only modified by eight-fermion, dimension 12 operators, which if present at the Planck scale, allow for axion dark matter from misalignment while solving the strong CP problem. The model is an $\text{SU}(N_c)$ gauge theory with ten flavors where the Pati--Salam unified subgroup $\text{SO}(6)\times \text{SO}(4) \subset \text{SU}(10)_L$ and $\text{Sp}(10)\subset \text{SU}(10)_R$ are weakly gauged. The dynamics breaks $\text{SU}(10)_L\times \text{SU}(10)_R \rightarrow \text{SU}(10)_V$ and the weakly-gauged groups to $\text{U}(3)\times \text{U}(2) \supset \text{SU}(3)_c \times \text{SU}(2)_L \times \text{U}(1)_Y$, with the QCD axion identified as one of the Nambu-Goldstone bosons. This axion has a relatively large coupling to photons while a residual $\bar{\theta}_{\rm eff}$ may be just below the current limit on the neutron electric dipole moment. If the dimension 12 operators are present near the GUT scale, they can cause domain wall networks to decay, allowing for axion dark matter even for the post-inflationary scenario.
我们提出了一个复合 QCD 轴子模型，在这个模型中，佩奇-奎恩（PQ）对称性是作为一种高质量的偶然对称性出现的。轴子势只被八费米子、维 12 算子修改，如果这些算子存在于普朗克尺度，就能在解决强 CP 问题的同时，从错位中产生轴子暗物质。该模型是一个具有十种性质的 $\text{SU}(N_c)$ 计理论，其中帕蒂-萨拉姆统一子群 $\text{SO}(6)\times \text{SO}(4) \subset \text{SU}(10)_L$ 和 $\text{Sp}(10)\subset \text{SU}(10)_R$ 是弱计的。动力学打破了$text{SU}(10)_L （times \text{SU}(10)_R （rightarrow \text{SU}(10)_V$ ）和弱规群到$text{U}(3)（times \text{U}(2) （supset \text{SU}(3)_c （times \text{SU}(2)_L （times \text{U}(1)_Y$ ）、QCD轴子被确定为南布-金石玻色子之一。这个轴子与光子的耦合相对较大，而残余的$\bar{\theta}_\{rm eff}$可能刚好低于中子电偶极矩的当前极限。如果维度12算子存在于GUT尺度附近，它们就会导致域墙网络衰变，从而使轴子暗物质甚至在后膨胀情景下也能存在。
3. Full-Spectrum Analysis of Gravitational Wave Production from Inflation to Reheatingid:2505.08868:id在线阅读
Xun-Jie Xu, Yong Xu, Qiqin Yin, Junyu Zhu
In this work, we systematically study gravitational wave (GW) production during both the inflationary and post-inflationary epochs. While inflationary GWs can be readily derived from tensor perturbations during inflation, post-inflationary GWs arise from a variety of processes during reheating and require detailed treatment for quantitative analysis. We consider four distinct production channels: $(i)$ pure inflaton annihilation, $(ii)$ graviton bremsstrahlung from inflaton decay, $(iii)$ radiation-catalyzed inflaton-graviton conversion, and $(iv)$ scattering among fully thermalized radiation particles. For each channel, we solve the corresponding Boltzmann equation to obtain the GW spectrum and derive a simple yet accurate analytical expression for it. By employing a consistent treatment of all production channels, our analysis yields for the first time the full spectrum of GWs produced during the inflationary and post-inflationary epochs. We find that, while inflationary GWs dominate at low frequencies, post-inflationary processes generally produce high-frequency GWs with considerably high energy densities that may significantly exceed that of inflationary GWs.
在这项工作中，我们系统地研究了暴胀期和后暴胀期引力波（GW）的产生。暴胀时期的引力波可以很容易地从暴胀过程中的张量扰动中推导出来，而暴胀后的引力波则产生于再热过程中的各种过程，需要详细处理才能进行定量分析。我们考虑了四种不同的产生渠道：(i)$纯膨胀子湮灭，(ii)$膨胀子衰变产生的引力子轫致辐射，(iii)$辐射催化的膨胀子-引力子转换，以及(iv)$完全热化的辐射粒子之间的散射。对于每种通道，我们都求解相应的玻尔兹曼方程，以获得全球瓦谱，并推导出简单而精确的分析表达式。通过对所有产生通道的一致处理，我们的分析首次得到了在暴胀和后暴胀时代产生的 GW 的全谱。我们发现，虽然暴胀时期的 GW 在低频占主导地位，但暴胀后过程通常会产生高频 GW，其能量密度相当高，可能大大超过暴胀时期的 GW。
4. Electron-Ion Collider as a Discovery Tool for Invisible Dark Bosonsid:2505.08871:id在线阅读
Hooman Davoudiasl, Hongkai Liu
We illustrate how the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) can be used to discover dark bosons with masses in the $\sim$ (10~MeV -- 10~GeV) regime, having a wide range of properties. We only require that the dark boson have a non-negligible weak coupling to electrons and decay with $\ord{1}$ branching fraction into invisible final states. Our signal selection takes advantage of the excellent electron beam kinematic measurements and the capability to tag incoherent scattering, as envisioned at the EIC. This makes the EIC a powerful tool for uncovering possible dark sector forces, for a broad range of possibilities.
我们说明了如何利用未来的电子-离子对撞机（EIC）来发现质量在$\sim$（10~MeV - 10~GeV）范围内的暗玻色子，它们具有广泛的特性。我们只要求暗玻色子与电子有不可忽略的弱耦合，并以 $\ord{1}$ 的分支率衰变为不可见的终态。我们的信号选择利用了出色的电子束运动学测量和标记非相干散射的能力，正如我们在EIC所设想的那样。这使得 EIC 成为揭示可能的暗部门作用力的强大工具，具有广泛的可能性。
5. Effects of virtual Majorana neutrinos on charged Lepton Flavor Violation decays from a seesaw variant with radiatively induced light neutrino massesid:2505.09051:id在线阅读
Enrique Ramírez, Héctor Novales-Sánchez, Humberto Vázquez-Castro, Mónica Salinas
Lepton flavor violating decays $\ell_{\alpha} \to \ell_{\beta} \gamma$, being forbidden in the Standard Model framework, provide a sensitive probe for new physics. We study these processes in a seesaw variant in which small neutrino masses are generated radiatively. By analyzing the parameter space constrained by electroweak precision data, we investigate the correlation between these decays and non-unitary effects from TeV-scale heavy neutrinos. According to our results, $\mu \to e \gamma$ is the most promising channel for new physics searches, with the bound $|\eta_{\mu e}| \lesssim 10^{-6}$ obtained for non-unitary effects in this radiative seesaw variant. Our estimations of $\mathcal{BR} \left( \mu \to e \gamma \right)$, which depends on the mass of the heavy neutrinos, shows that both current and future experimental facilities might be sensitive to these effects.
违反质子味道的衰变 $ell_{\alpha} \to \ell_{\beta} \gamma$ 在标准模型框架中是被禁止的，它为新物理学提供了一个灵敏的探测器。我们在跷跷板变体中研究这些过程，其中小质量中微子是辐射产生的。通过分析电弱精确数据约束下的参数空间，我们研究了这些衰变与来自TeV尺度重中微子的非单位效应之间的相关性。根据我们的结果，$\mu \to e \gamma$ 是新物理搜索最有希望的通道，在这种辐射跷跷板变体中，非单位效应的边界为$|\eta_{\mu e}| \lesssim 10^{-6}$。我们估计的 $\mathcal{BR}\left( \mu \to e \gamma \right)$ 取决于重中微子的质量，这表明当前和未来的实验设施都可能对这些效应很敏感。
6. Charmed Meson Structure across Crossover from SU(4) Polyakov Quark Meson Model with Isospin Asymmetryid:2505.09086:id在线阅读
Abdel Magied Diab (MUTI, Cairo)
The Polyakov Quark Meson (PQM) model is extended to SU(4) flavor symmetry by incorporating the charm quark and introducing a finite isospin asymmetry. This model incorporates the light, strange, and charm chiral condensates, along with the Polyakov-loop variables, to describe the confinement--deconfinement phase transition in a thermal and dense QCD medium. The inclusion of the charm quark condensate enhances the capability of the SU(4) PQM model to explore the spatial and thermal resolution of the chiral phase structure, particularly in the crossover and high-temperature regimes. We construct the QCD phase diagram ($T/T_\chi-\mu_I/m_\pi$) plane, indicating a decrease in the pseudo-critical temperature as the isospin chemical potential increases and explore thermodynamic quantities related to the QCD equation of state at very high temperatures. Fluctuations of quark flavors, conserved charges and baryon-charm correlations are studied across a wide temperature range. The SU(4) PQM model exhibits good qualitative agreement with lattice QCD calculations. Additionally, we calculate the meson mass spectrum at zero and finite temperature, showing that the charm sector remains thermally stable over a wide temperature range. Overall, this study highlights the capability of the SU(4) PQM model to describe key features of QCD matter at high temperatures and its relevance to heavy-ion collisions and astrophysical studies.
Polyakov 夸克介子（PQM）模型通过加入粲夸克和引入有限的等空间不对称，扩展到了苏(4)味道对称。该模型包含了光、奇、粲手性凝聚子以及波利亚科夫环变量，用于描述热致密 QCD 介质中的约束--解约束相变。粲夸克凝聚态的加入增强了 SU(4) PQM 模型探索手性相结构的空间和热分辨率的能力，尤其是在交叉和高温区。我们构建了 QCD 相图（$T/T_\chi-\mu_I/m_\pi$）平面，表明随着等空化学势的增加，伪临界温度会降低，并探索了与 QCD 状态方程相关的极高温热力学量。在很宽的温度范围内研究了夸克味道的波动、守恒电荷和重子-粲相关性。SU(4)PQM模型与格子QCD计算显示出良好的定性一致性。此外，我们还计算了介子在零温度和有限温度下的质量谱，表明粲部门在很宽的温度范围内保持热稳定。总之，这项研究强调了 SU(4) PQM 模型描述高温 QCD 物质关键特征的能力及其与重离子碰撞和天体物理研究的相关性。
7. Measuring the Cosmic Ray Spectrum with Next Generation Neutrino Detectorsid:2505.09111:id在线阅读
Stephan A. Meighen-Berger, Jayden L. Newstead, Louis E. Strigari
We investigate the capabilities of upcoming kiloton-scale neutrino detectors, such as Hyper-Kamiokande, in determining the primary cosmic ray spectrum. These detectors provide full-sky coverage and long-term monitoring, unlike traditional satellite and balloon experiments that measure cosmic ray flux at specific altitudes and locations. By analyzing the atmospheric neutrino flux generated by cosmic ray interactions, we demonstrate that future detectors can differentiate between various cosmic ray models with high statistical significance, even when accounting for uncertainties in neutrino cross sections and hadronic interactions. We introduce a technique for reconstructing the primary cosmic ray spectrum using neutrino measurements, which reduces the flux uncertainty from approximately 20\% to about 7\%. We then show that Hyper-K has the potential to increase sensitivity to neutrino oscillation parameters, such as $\sin^2\theta_{23}$, by a factor of 2. Our results highlight the complementary role of neutrino detectors in cosmic ray physics and their critical importance for precision measurements in particle astrophysics.
我们研究了即将推出的千吨级中微子探测器（如 Hyper-Kamiokande）在确定主要宇宙射线频谱方面的能力。与在特定高度和位置测量宇宙射线通量的传统卫星和气球实验不同，这些探测器提供全天空覆盖和长期监测。通过分析宇宙射线相互作用产生的大气中微子通量，我们证明，即使考虑到中微子截面和强子相互作用的不确定性，未来的探测器也能以很高的统计意义区分各种宇宙射线模型。我们介绍了一种利用中微子测量重建原始宇宙射线频谱的技术，它将通量的不确定性从大约20%降低到大约7%。我们的结果凸显了中微子探测器在宇宙射线物理学中的补充作用，以及它们对粒子天体物理学精确测量的关键重要性。
8. Neutrino Fluence influenced by Memory Burdened Primordial Black Holesid:2505.09153:id在线阅读
Arnab Chaudhuri, Koushik Pal, Rukmani Mohanta
Primordial black holes (PBHs), formed in the early Universe, are capable of emitting both Standard Model (SM) and beyond the Standard Model (BSM) particles via Hawking radiation. We investigate the impact of the recently proposed memory burden effect which is a quantum gravitational backreaction that suppresses black hole evaporation once approximately half the PBH mass is lost on the production of high energy neutrinos. In particular, we examine how this suppression modifies the time-integrated muon neutrino flux, with and without the inclusion of heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) as BSM states. We compute the resulting neutrino fluence for different suppression strengths and analyze the prospects for detection in neutrino telescopes such as IceCube. Our results show that the memory burden significantly alters the neutrino energy spectrum, particularly at high energies, and that the presence of HNLs can counterbalance this suppression by introducing additional neutrino production channels. These findings have important implications for the detectability of PBH evaporation signatures and the parameter space of HNLs in cosmological settings.
原始黑洞（PBHs）形成于宇宙早期，能够通过霍金辐射发射标准模型（SM）和超越标准模型（BSM）粒子。我们研究了最近提出的记忆负担效应的影响，这种效应是一种量子引力反作用，一旦黑洞质量损失约一半，就会抑制黑洞的蒸发，从而产生高能中微子。我们特别研究了这种抑制如何改变时间积分μ介子中微子通量，包括和不包括作为BSM状态的重中性轻子（HNLs）。我们计算了不同抑制强度下产生的中微子通量，并分析了冰立方等中微子望远镜的探测前景。我们的结果表明，记忆负担极大地改变了中微子能谱，尤其是在高能量下，而HNL的存在可以通过引入额外的中微子产生通道来抵消这种抑制。这些发现对 PBH 蒸发特征的可探测性和宇宙学环境中 HNLs 的参数空间具有重要意义。
9. Angular momentum of vacuum bubbles in a first-order phase transitionid:2505.09202:id在线阅读
Jan Tristram Acuña, Danny Marfatia, Po-Yan Tseng
The formation of primordial black holes (PBHs) during a first-order phase transition (FOPT) in a dark sector has been of recent interest. A quantity that characterizes a black hole is its spin. We carry out the first step towards determining the spin of such PBHs, by calculating the spin of spherical false vacuum bubbles induced by cosmological perturbations. The angular momentum is given by the product of density and velocity perturbations. We carefully track the evolution of background quantities and calculate the transfer functions during the FOPT. We find that the dimensionless spin parameter $s = J/(G_{\rm N} M^2)$ of false vacuum bubbles of mass $M$ and angular momentum $J$, take a wide range of values from ${\cal{O}}(10^{-3})$ to ${\cal{O}}(10^3)$ for FOPTs between 10 keV and 100 GeV and a dark sector that is 0.1 to 0.4 times cooler than the visible sector. We also find a scaling relation between the root-mean-square value of the spin, the FOPT time scale, the bubble wall velocity, and the dark sector-to-visible sector temperature ratio.
在暗扇区的一阶相变（FOPT）过程中形成原始黑洞（PBHs）的问题最近引起了人们的兴趣。黑洞的一个特征量是它的自旋。我们通过计算宇宙学扰动诱发的球形假真空泡的自旋，迈出了确定这类黑洞自旋的第一步。角动量由密度和速度扰动的乘积给出。我们仔细跟踪了背景量的演变，并计算了 FOPT 期间的传递函数。我们发现，质量为$M$、角动量为$J$的假真空气泡的无量纲自旋参数$s = J/(G_{\rm N} M^2)$的取值范围很广，从${\cal{O}}(10^{-3})$到${\cal{O}}(10^3)$，FOPT在10 keV到100 GeV之间，暗扇区的温度是可见扇区的0.1到0.4倍。我们还发现了自旋均方根值、FOPT 时间尺度、泡壁速度以及暗扇区与可见扇区温度比之间的比例关系。
10. Valence quark distribution of light $ρ$ and heavy $J/ψ$ vector mesons in light-cone quark modelid:2505.09213:id在线阅读
Tanisha, Satyajit Puhan, Anurag Yadav, Harleen Dahiya
In this work, we have investigated the valence quark structure of light $\rho$ and heavy $J/\psi$ vector mesons using the light-cone quark model through unpolarized quark generalized parton distributions (GPDs). By solving the quark-quark correlator, we have represented the quark GPDs in the form of light-front wave function (LFWFs). The charge, magnetic, and quadrupole form factors of these particles have been derived from the unpolarized quark GPDs and compared with the available theoretical predictions and lattice simulation data. The structure functions corresponding to the Rosenbluth scattering cross section of these mesons have also been calculated and compared with the available NJL model predictions. The results of our calculations are found to follow a similar trend as the other model results. We have also calculated the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of these particles in the forward limit of GPDs. The calculated PDFs have also been evolved to 5 GeV $^2$ through next to next leading order Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) evolutions.
在这项工作中，我们利用光锥夸克模型，通过非极化夸克广义粒子分布（GPDs）研究了轻$\rho$和重$J/\psi$矢量介子的价夸克结构。通过求解夸克-夸克关联器，我们以光前波函数（LFWFs）的形式表示了夸克 GPDs。这些粒子的电荷、磁性和四极形式因子都是从非极化夸克 GPD 中推导出来的，并与现有的理论预测和晶格模拟数据进行了比较。我们还计算了与这些介子的罗森布鲁特散射截面相对应的结构函数，并与现有的 NJL 模型预测进行了比较。我们的计算结果与其他模型结果的趋势相似。我们还计算了这些粒子在 GPD 正向极限下的粒子分布函数（PDF）。我们还通过下一阶到下一阶的 Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi（DGLAP）演化，将计算出的 PDF 演化到了 5 GeV $^2$。
11. Constraints On New Theories Using Rivet : CONTUR version 3 release noteid:2505.09272:id在线阅读
Andy Buckley, Jon Butterworth, Joseph Egan, Christian Gutschow, Sihyun Jeon, Martin Habedank, Tomasz Procter, Peng Wang, Yoran Yeh, Luzhan Yue
The CONTUR toolkit exploits RIVET and its library of more than a thousand energy-frontier differential cross-section measurements from the Large Hadron Collider to allow rapid limit-setting and consistency checks for new physics models. In this note we summarise the main changes in the new CONTUR 3 major release series. These include additional statistical treatments, efficiency improvements, new plotting utilities and many new measurements and Standard Model predictions.
CONTUR 工具包利用 RIVET 及其来自大型强子对撞机的一千多个能量前沿差分截面测量结果库，为新的物理模型进行快速极限设定和一致性检查。在本说明中，我们总结了新的 CONTUR 3 主要版本系列的主要变化。其中包括额外的统计处理、效率改进、新的绘图工具以及许多新的测量和标准模型预测。
12. Quantum Entanglement Theory and Its Generic Searches in High Energy Physicsid:2505.09280:id在线阅读
Junle Pei, Yaquan Fang, Lina Wu, Da Xu, Mustapha Biyabi, Tianjun Li
We propose a new formalism for quantum entanglement (QE), and study its generic searches at the colliders. For a general quantum system with $N$ particles, we show that the quantum space (the total spin polarization parameter space) is complex projective space, and the classical space (the spin polarization parameter space for classical theory) is the cartesian product of the complex projective spaces. Thus, the quantum entanglement space is the difference of these two spaces. For the $ff$, $AA$, $Af$, $fff$, and $ffA$ systems, we propose their discriminants $\Delta_i$. The corresponding classical spaces are the discriminant locus $\Delta=0$ for $ff$ system, and intersections of the discriminant loci $\Delta_i=0$ for $AA$, $Af$, $fff$, and $ffA$ systems in the quantum space. We show that our criterion $\Delta\not=0$ for quantum entanglement is equivalent to the original Peres-Horodecki criterion for $ff$ system. With the collider searches, we can reconstruct the discriminants from various measurements, and probe the quantum entanglement spaces via a fundamental approach at exact level. In addition, for the specific approach, we present a comprehensive framework to detect quantum entanglement in high-energy multi-particle systems, spanning fermion pairs (\(t\bar{t}\), \(\tau^{+}\tau^{-}\)), bosonic pairs (\(W^{-}W^{+}\)), and hybrid or three-body systems (\(W^{-}t\), \(ttt\), \(t\bar{t}W^{-}\)). We derive diverse observables through angular correlations in decay products and establish key criteria for QE by calculating the exact quantum ranges and classical ranges, which can be used to detect QE at colliders. These results establish model-independent methodologies for probing QE across collider experiments, bridging quantum information principles with high-energy phenomenology, while offering novel pathways to explore exotic particles and quantum properties in multi-particle systems.
我们为量子纠缠（QE）提出了一种新的形式主义，并研究了其在对撞机上的一般搜索。对于一个有 $N$ 粒子的一般量子系统，我们证明量子空间（总自旋极化参数空间）是复投影空间，而经典空间（经典理论的自旋极化参数空间）是复投影空间的卡特积。因此，量子纠缠空间就是这两个空间之差。对于 $ff$、$AA$、$Af$、$fff$ 和 $ffA$ 系统，我们提出了它们的判别式 $\Delta_i$。相应的经典空间是 $ff$ 系统的判别式位置 $\Delta=0$，以及量子空间中 $AA$、$Af$、$fff$ 和 $ffA$ 系统的判别式位置 $\Delta_i=0$ 的交集。我们证明，我们的量子纠缠判据 $\Delta\not=0$ 等同于 $ff$ 系统的佩雷斯-霍罗德茨基判据（Peres-Horodecki criterion）。通过对撞机搜索，我们可以从各种测量中重建判别式，并通过基本方法在精确水平上探测量子纠缠空间。此外，针对具体方法，我们提出了探测高能多粒子系统量子纠缠的综合框架、跨越费米子对（\(t\bar{t}\), \(\tau^{+}\tau^{-}\)）、玻色子对（\(W^{-}W^{+}\)）以及混合或三体系统（\(W^{-}t\), \(ttt\), \(t\bar{t}W^{-}\)）。我们通过衰变产物中的角相关性推导出不同的观测值，并通过计算精确的量子范围和经典范围建立了QE的关键标准，这些标准可用于在对撞机上探测QE。这些结果为在对撞机实验中探测 QE 建立了与模型无关的方法，将量子信息原理与高能现象学联系起来，同时为探索多粒子系统中的奇异粒子和量子特性提供了新的途径。
13. Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity: Constraints from the generalized parton distributions (GPDs)id:2505.09291:id在线阅读
The MMGPDs Collaboration, Muhammad Goharipour, Anoushiravan Moradi, K. Azizi
The Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld (EiBI) theory of gravity modifies general relativity in high-density regimes. It offers an alternative framework that avoids cosmological singularities and remodels gravitational dynamics within compact objects. An important feature of EiBI gravity is its additional parameter, $\kappa$, which governs deviations from standard gravitational behavior. In this study, we investigate constraints on $\kappa$ using the internal pressure distribution of the proton, derived from gravitational form factor (GFF) $ D(t) $ obtained through a QCD analysis of generalized parton distributions (GPDs). By comparing pressure profiles extracted from skewness-dependent GPDs with previous determinations based on deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) data, we establish updated bounds on $\kappa$. Our results show that the choice of proton pressure model significantly impacts the constraints, with the strongest limits ($|\kappa| \leq 0.10\text{--}0.3\, \text{m}^5\, \text{kg}^{-1}\, \text{s}^{-2}$). We further demonstrate that constraints obtained based on the first and second moments of the pressure distribution yield competitive bounds compared to those derived from peak pressures or those derived from just the first moment. These findings highlight the importance of precise experimental and theoretical determinations of the proton's mechanical properties in testing alternative theories of gravity. The present study motivates future improvements in GPD reconstructions for stronger constraints on EiBI gravity and related modifications.
爱丁顿启发的玻恩-因费尔德（EiBI）引力理论修正了高密度状态下的广义相对论。它提供了一个替代框架，避免了宇宙学奇点，并重塑了紧凑物体内部的引力动力学。EiBI 引力的一个重要特征是它的附加参数 $/kappa$，它控制着标准引力行为的偏差。在这项研究中，我们利用质子的内部压力分布研究了对$ $k\appa$ 的约束，质子的内部压力分布是通过对广义粒子分布（GPDs）的QCD分析得到的引力形式因子（GFF）$ D（t）$推导出来的。通过比较从依赖偏度的 GPDs 提取的压力分布和以前基于深度虚拟康普顿散射（DVCS）数据的测定结果，我们建立了 $k\appa$ 的最新边界。我们的结果表明，质子压力模型的选择对约束条件有很大影响，最强的约束条件是（$|\kappa| \leq 0.10\text{--}0.3\, \text{m}^5\, \text{kg}^{-1}\, \text{s}^{-2}$）。我们进一步证明，与根据峰值压力或仅根据第一矩得到的约束相比，根据压力分布的第一矩和第二矩得到的约束会产生有竞争力的约束。这些发现凸显了对质子机械特性进行精确的实验和理论测定对于检验其他引力理论的重要性。本研究推动了未来对 GPD 重建的改进，以加强对 EiBI 引力和相关修正的约束。
14. Flavour Non-Singlet Splitting Functions at Four Loops in QCD -- The Fermionic Contributionsid:2505.09381:id在线阅读
B.A. Kniehl, S. Moch, V.N. Velizhanin (U. Hamburg), A. Vogt (<a href="http://U.Liverpool" rel="external noopener nofollow" class="link-external link-http">this http URL</a>)
We have determined the fourth-order $n_f$ contributions to the two splitting functions governing the evolution of all flavor differences of quark distributions of hadrons in perturbative quantum chromodynamics with $n_f$ light flavors. The analytic forms of these functions are presented in both Mellin $N$-space and momentum-fraction $x$-space for a general gauge group. In the small-$x$ limit double logarithms occur, but the small-$x$ rise of both splitting functions is confined to extremely small $x$-values, $x \lesssim 10^{-6}$. The large-$x$ limit includes the $n_f$-part of the four-loop quark virtual anomalous dimension. Using this result we obtain also the $n_f$ contributions to the corresponding gluonic quantity and the complete threshold-enhanced logarithms from soft-gluon emission for a large class of inclusive observables, including Higgs boson production in gluon-gluon fusion.
我们确定了在具有 n_f$ 轻味的微扰量子色动力学中，控制强子夸克分布的所有味差演化的两个分裂函数的四阶 n_f$ 贡献。这些函数的解析形式在梅林$N$空间和动量分数$x$空间中以一般规规群的形式呈现。在小-x$极限中出现了双对数，但两个分裂函数的小-x$上升都局限于极小的x$值，即$x lesssim 10^{-6}$。大-x$极限包括四环夸克虚拟反常维度的$n_f$部分。利用这一结果，我们还得到了对相应胶子量的 $n_f$ 贡献，以及一大类包容性观测指标（包括胶子-胶子融合中希格斯玻色子的产生）的软胶子发射的完整阈值增强对数。
15. Pion in the Bethe-Salpeter approach with separable kernelid:2505.09421:id在线阅读
S. Bondarenko (1,2), M. Slautin (1,2) ((1) Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia, (2) Dubna State University, Dubna, Russia)
In the paper, the static and dynamic properties of the pion in the Bethe-Salpeter approach are considered. The rank-one separable kernel of the quark-antiquark interaction is used to solve the equation analytically. Multidimensional integrals describing pion properties are calculated by several numerical methods and compared with previous papers. An error in the calculation of the interaction part of the elastic pion form factor is found. Using the corrected results, the kernel parameters are refitted. The calculated static properties as well as transition and elastic form factors are presented in comparison with the recent experimental data.
本文考虑了贝特-萨尔佩特方法中先驱的静态和动态特性。利用夸克-反夸克相互作用的秩一可分离核来分析求解方程。用几种数值方法计算了描述先驱特性的多维积分，并与以前的论文进行了比较。发现在计算弹性先驱形式因子的相互作用部分时存在误差。利用修正后的结果，重新拟合了核参数。计算出的静态性质以及过渡和弹性形式因子与最近的实验数据进行了比较。
16. Remembering Alexei Starobinsky -- the gentle giant of cosmologyid:2505.08824:id在线阅读
Varun Sahni
I share fond memories of my former PhD advisor Alexei Starobinsky with whom I was closely associated for nearly 45 years. I reflect upon my early years in Moscow when I worked with him on my thesis, and touch upon the seminal work on inflation which he did during that period. Alexei visited India often and actively interacted with Indian scientists and students on issues relating to inflation, large scale structure and dark energy. This extensive collaboration, which lasted several decades, resulted in the publication of over a dozen important papers, several PhD's, and the development of the Statefinder and Om diagnostics, which I briefly discuss.
我对我的前博士生导师阿列克谢-斯塔罗宾斯基（Alexei Starobinsky）有着美好的回忆，我与他有着近 45 年的密切联系。我回顾了早年在莫斯科与他合作撰写论文的时光，并谈到了他在此期间所做的关于通货膨胀的开创性工作。阿列克谢经常访问印度，与印度科学家和学生就有关膨胀、大尺度结构和暗能量等问题积极互动。这种广泛的合作持续了几十年，发表了十多篇重要论文，培养了数名博士，并开发了我简要讨论过的Statefinder和Om诊断技术。
17. Black hole mimickers: from theory to observationid:2505.09014:id在线阅读
Cosimo Bambi, Ramy Brustein, Vitor Cardoso, Andrew Chael, Ulf Danielsson, Suvendu Giri, Anuradha Gupta, Pierre Heidmann, Luis Lehner, Steven Liebling, Andrea Maselli, Elisa Maggio, Samir Mathur, Lia Medeiros, Alex B. Nielsen, Héctor R. Olivares-Sánchez, Paolo Pani, Nils Siemonsen, George N. Wong
The black hole paradigm, while remarkably successful, raises fundamental questions-both classical and quantum-about the nature of spacetime, horizons, and singularities. Black hole mimickers, horizonless ultra-compact objects, have emerged as potential alternatives that seek to resolve some of these puzzles while remaining consistent with current observational constraints. Recent breakthroughs in gravitational-wave astronomy and horizon-scale electromagnetic imaging have opened new avenues to test this paradigm-making this an opportune moment to systematically investigate such alternatives.
黑洞范式虽然非常成功，但却提出了关于时空、视界和奇点性质的经典和量子基本问题。黑洞模拟物--无地平线超小型天体--作为潜在的替代品出现了，它们试图解决其中的一些难题，同时又与当前的观测约束保持一致。最近在引力波天文学和地平线尺度电磁成像方面取得的突破为检验这一范式开辟了新的途径，因此现在正是系统研究这种替代方案的大好时机。
This vision document presents a snapshot of the field as discussed at the Black Hole Mimickers: From Theory to Observation workshop, where experts from gravitational wave astronomy, very long baseline interferometry, numerical and mathematical relativity, and high-energy physics converged to assess the current frontiers. By highlighting key open questions and proposing concrete pathways forward, this document aims to guide future efforts to probe the nature of compact objects. As the field stands at the crossroads of theoretical innovation and observational breakthroughs, we outline strategies to harness upcoming observational capabilities to fundamentally test the black hole paradigm.
18. Signatures of asymmetry: Gravitational wave memory and the parity violationid:2505.09096:id在线阅读
Indranil Chakraborty, Susmita Jana, S. Shankaranarayanan (IIT Bombay)
Einstein's equivalence principle suggests a deep connection between matter and spacetime, prompting the question: if matter violates parity, must gravity? This essay explores the detection of parity violation in gravity using gravitational wave (GW) memory. Gravitational parity violation could be observable through GW amplitude birefringence and large-scale structure correlations. With improved sensitivity, next-generation GW detectors offer unprecedented opportunities to probe these effects. We propose that the integrated cosmological memory (ICM) of GWs, amplified over cosmological distances, can enhance faint parity-violating signatures. Specifically, if GWs from astrophysical events have differing polarization amplitudes, as in Chern-Simons gravity, ICM significantly amplifies this disparity. ICM uniquely and independently allows us to test fundamental symmetries, constrain gravity parameters, and gain insights into the interplay of particle physics, cosmology and gravity.
爱因斯坦的等效原理表明物质与时空之间存在着深刻的联系，从而引发了这样一个问题：如果物质违反了奇偶性，引力是否也必须违反奇偶性？本文探讨了利用引力波（GW）记忆探测引力中的奇偶性违反。引力奇偶性违反可以通过引力波振幅双折射和大尺度结构相关性观测到。随着灵敏度的提高，下一代引力波探测器为探测这些效应提供了前所未有的机会。我们提出，经宇宙学距离放大的全球瓦综合宇宙学记忆（ICM）可以增强微弱的奇偶校验特征。具体来说，如果来自天体物理事件的全球变暖具有不同的极化振幅，就像在切尔-西蒙斯引力中那样，ICM 会显著放大这种差异。ICM 使我们能够独特而独立地检验基本对称性，约束引力参数，并深入了解粒子物理学、宇宙学和引力的相互作用。
19. Non-equilibrium scalar fields at finite temperature and densityid:2505.09104:id在线阅读
Sebastian Mendizabal
We study propagators in bosonic field theories at finite temperature and chemical potential using the Schwinger-Keldysh real-time formalism. The system is considered in contact with a thermal reservoir, allowing for a consistent treatment of both equilibrium and non-equilibrium situations. The chemical potential, associated with conserved charges, modifies the structure of the propagators and introduces features that require detailed analysis.
我们利用施文格-凯尔迪什实时形式主义研究有限温度和化学势下玻色场理论的传播者。我们考虑了系统与热储层的接触，从而对平衡和非平衡情形进行了一致的处理。与守恒电荷相关的化学势改变了传播者的结构，并引入了需要详细分析的特征。
We focus on how a finite chemical potential affects the analytic structure of the bosonic propagators, including changes in the position of poles and the structure of branch cuts. In our setup, the chemical potential enters the theory as a constant background field, which alters both the dynamics and the boundary conditions. This work provides a basis for understanding the behavior of bosonic fields in thermal and dense environments.
20. The Possibility of Formation of Compact Boson Stars via Cosmological Evolution of a Background Scalar Fieldid:2505.09159:id在线阅读
Yu Miyauchi, Takahiro Tanaka
Boson stars, hypothetical astrophysical objects bound by the self-gravity of a scalar field, have been widely studied as a type of exotic compact object that is horizonless and provides a testing ground for physics beyond the Standard Model. In particular, many previous works have demonstrated methods for distinguishing compact boson stars from black holes in general relativity through gravitational wave observations. However, the formation scenario of compact boson stars within the age of the universe remains unclear. In this paper, we explore a possible scenario for the formation of compact boson stars. The model we consider requires two coupled scalar fields: a complex scalar field that forms a boson star and a spatially homogeneous background field, as formation of a compact boson star cannot be achieved in a single filed model. Using the adiabatic approximation, we show that non-relativistic boson clouds can evolve into compact boson stars through the cosmological time-evolution of the background field. In our model the background field evolves to increase the effective mass of the scalar field, and as a result compact boson stars can form within the cosmological timescale, if the variation of the background field is as large as the Planck scale. However, further investigation is required because the required initial states are not the configurations that can be described by the well-studied Schrödinger-Poisson system.
玻色子星是一种受标量场自引力约束的假想天体，作为一种无地平线的奇异紧凑天体，它为超越标准模型的物理学提供了一个试验场，因而受到广泛研究。特别是，以前的许多研究都证明了通过引力波观测区分广义相对论中的紧凑玻色子星和黑洞的方法。然而，紧凑玻色子星在宇宙年龄内的形成情况仍不清楚。在本文中，我们探讨了紧凑玻色子星形成的一种可能情况。我们所考虑的模型需要两个耦合标量场：一个是形成玻色子星的复杂标量场，另一个是空间均匀的背景场，因为紧凑玻色子星的形成无法在单滤波模型中实现。利用绝热近似，我们证明了非相对论玻色子云可以通过背景场的宇宙学时间演变演化成紧凑玻色子星。在我们的模型中，如果背景场的变化与普朗克尺度一样大，背景场的演化会增加标量场的有效质量，因此紧凑玻色子星可以在宇宙学时间尺度内形成。然而，由于所需的初始状态并不是研究得很透彻的薛定谔-泊松系统所能描述的构型，因此还需要进一步的研究。
21. Probing Self-Interacting Dark Matter via Gravitational-Wave Background from Eccentric Supermassive Black Hole Mergersid:2505.09219:id在线阅读
Mu-Chun Chen, Yong Tang
The nature of dark matter is still mysterious despite various astronomical evidence. As a possible candidate, self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) can potentially resolve some issues appearing in cold dark matter paradigm. Here we investigate how SIDM around supermassive black holes (SMBH) in galaxy centers may form a density spike and imprint in the spectrum shape of stochastic gravitational-wave background from SMBH binaries (SMBHBs). Employing a refined dynamical friction formula and consistently evolving the orbital dynamics, we demonstrate that current pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) data is sensitive to the cross section of SIDM with $\sigma(v)/m_\chi\lesssim0.66\,\mathrm{cm}^2/\mathrm{g}$, comparable to other astrophysical probes. We also highlight the importance of including the eccentricity of SMBHBs in the parameter inference, which would affect the results significantly. Our findings reveal the promising potential of PTAs observations in probing the nature of dark matter.
尽管有各种天文证据，暗物质的性质仍然是个谜。作为一种可能的候选物质，自相互作用暗物质（SIDM）有可能解决冷暗物质范式中出现的一些问题。在这里，我们研究了星系中心超大质量黑洞（SMBH）周围的自相互作用暗物质是如何形成密度峰值并在SMBH双星（SMBHBs）随机引力波背景的频谱形状中留下印记的。利用改进的动力学摩擦公式和持续演化的轨道动力学，我们证明了当前的脉冲星定时阵列（PTAs）数据对SIDM截面的敏感度为$\sigma(v)/m_\chi\lesssim0.66\,\mathrm{cm}^2/\mathrm{g}$，可与其他天体物理探测器相媲美。我们还强调了将SMBHB的偏心率纳入参数推断的重要性，因为这将对结果产生重大影响。我们的发现揭示了PTAs观测在探测暗物质性质方面的巨大潜力。
22. The Dual Primordial Black Hole Formation Scenarioid:2505.09337:id在线阅读
Xinpeng Wang, Misao Sasaki, Ying-li Zhang
We report a novel mechanism where two families of primordial black holes (PBHs) may form at nearly the same comoving scales but at two different epochs. It is realized in two-stage inflation where a non-inflationary stage is sandwiched by the two inflationary stages. In this case, smaller PBHs form when the comoving scale of interest re-enters the horizon during the break period, and larger PBHs form when the scale re-enters the horizon after inflation. This mechanism may realize both reheating of the universe through the evaporation of ultralight PBHs formed during the break stage and the dark matter by those formed after inflation. We show that this scenario may give rise to a distinctive signature in the stochastic gravitational wave background that can be tested by the near-future gravitational wave observatories such as LISA and DECIGO. Our work thus provides a unified observational window into the physics of inflation, reheating, and dark matter.
我们报告了一种新的机制，即两个原始黑洞（PBHs）家族可能在几乎相同的移动尺度上形成，但却处于两个不同的时代。它是在两阶段暴胀中实现的，其中一个非暴胀阶段被两个暴胀阶段夹在中间。在这种情况下，当相关的移动尺度在断裂期重新进入地平线时，就会形成较小的PBH，而当该尺度在膨胀后重新进入地平线时，就会形成较大的PBH。这种机制既可以通过在断裂阶段形成的超轻 PBH 的蒸发实现宇宙的再加热，也可以通过在膨胀后形成的超轻 PBH 实现暗物质的再加热。我们的研究表明，这种情况可能会在随机引力波背景中产生一种独特的特征，而这种特征可以由 LISA 和 DECIGO 等近未来的引力波天文台进行检验。因此，我们的工作为研究暴胀、再热和暗物质物理学提供了一个统一的观测窗口。
23. Photonuclear Tomography in Ultraperipheral Heavy-Ion Collisionsid:2505.09348:id在线阅读
J.D. Baker, C.A. Bertulani, Victor P. Goncalves
We present a theoretical investigation of photonuclear tomography as a novel technique for probing the internal structure of nuclei. In this approach, ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions (UPCs) serve as a source of intense fluxes of virtual photons, which induce coherent production of vector mesons. By analyzing the probabilities and cross sections of these photon-induced processes, we propose a methodology for reconstructing the spatial distribution of nucleons within the nucleus. Our framework provides a systematic way to access information on the nuclear geometry probed in UPCs, offering new opportunities for studies of nuclear structure using particle production as a probe. Numerical calculations for selected examples illustrate the feasibility and potential of this method.
我们介绍了光子核断层扫描的理论研究，这是一种探测原子核内部结构的新技术。在这种方法中，超外围重离子碰撞（UPCs）是虚拟光子强通量的来源，它诱导矢量介子的相干产生。通过分析这些光子诱导过程的概率和截面，我们提出了一种重建核内核子空间分布的方法。我们的框架提供了获取 UPCs 中探测到的核几何信息的系统方法，为利用粒子产生作为探针研究核结构提供了新的机会。对选定例子的数值计算说明了这种方法的可行性和潜力。
24. Quantum simulation of bubble nucleation across a quantum phase transitionid:2505.09607:id在线阅读
De Luo, Federica Maria Surace, Arinjoy De, Alessio Lerose, Elizabeth R. Bennewitz, Brayden Ware, Alexander Schuckert, Zohreh Davoudi, Alexey V. Gorshkov, Or Katz, Christopher Monroe
The liquid-vapor transition is a classic example of a discontinuous (first-order) phase transition. Such transitions underlie many phenomena in cosmology, nuclear and particle physics, and condensed-matter physics. They give rise to long-lived metastable states, whose decay can be driven by either thermal or quantum fluctuations. Yet, direct experimental observations of how these states collapse into a stable phase remain elusive in the quantum regime. Here, we use a trapped-ion quantum simulator to observe the real-time dynamics of ``bubble nucleation'' induced by quantum fluctuations. Bubbles are localized domains of the stable phase which spontaneously form, or nucleate, and expand as the system is driven across a discontinuous quantum phase transition. Implementing a mixed-field Ising spin model with tunable and time-dependent interactions, we track the microscopic evolution of the metastable state as the Hamiltonian parameters are varied in time with various speeds, bringing the system out of equilibrium. Site-resolved measurements reveal the emergence and evolution of finite-size quantum bubbles, providing direct insight into the mechanism by which the metastable phase decays. We also identify nonequilibrium scaling behavior near the transition, consistent with a generalized Kibble-Zurek mechanism. Our results demonstrate the power of quantum simulators to probe out-of-equilibrium many-body physics, including quantum bubble nucleation, a key feature of discontinuous quantum phase transitions, with application to studies of matter formation in the early universe.
液-气转变是不连续（一阶）相变的典型例子。这种转变是宇宙学、核物理、粒子物理和凝聚态物理中许多现象的基础。它们会产生长寿命的可迁移态，其衰变可由热波动或量子波动驱动。然而，关于这些状态如何塌缩到稳定阶段的直接实验观测，在量子体系中仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们使用困离子量子模拟器观察量子波动诱导的 "气泡成核'；'；"的实时动态。气泡是稳定相的局部区域，当系统被驱动跨越不连续的量子相变时，气泡会自发形成或成核并扩大。我们采用了一个具有可调且随时间变化的相互作用的混合场伊辛自旋模型，当哈密顿参数以不同的速度随时间变化，使系统脱离平衡状态时，我们跟踪逸散态的微观演化。现场分辨测量揭示了有限尺寸量子气泡的出现和演化，直接揭示了瞬态衰减的机制。我们还发现了过渡阶段附近的非平衡缩放行为，这与广义的 Kibble-Zurek 机制相一致。我们的研究结果展示了量子模拟器探测非平衡多体物理学的能力，包括量子气泡成核，这是非连续量子相变的一个关键特征，可应用于早期宇宙物质形成的研究。
25. Spatial correlations of charm and anticharm quarks at hadronisationid:2305.00212:id在线阅读
M. Gazdzicki (1), D. Kikola (2), I. Pidhurskyi (1, 3), L. Tinti (1) ((1) Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland, (2) Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland, (3) European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland)
Heavy-ion collisions are a unique tool for studying properties of strong interactions at high energy densities. In particular, the momentum correlations of charm and bottom hadrons have been considered for testing heavy quark thermalisation in the dense matter produced by the collisions.
重离子碰撞是研究高能量密度下强相互作用特性的独特工具。特别是，我们考虑了粲和底层强子的动量相关性，以测试对撞产生的致密物质中的重夸克热化。
In this respect, two effects have been considered: the decrease of the initial back-to-back correlations and the increase of correlations due to heavy-quark interactions with the collectively flowing medium.
Here, we show that information on the spatial correlations of the charm-anticharm quarks at the hadronisation can be extracted by measuring the momentum correlation of charm and anticharm hadrons produced in central collisions of two heavy nuclei. This, however, requires collisions with a single charm-anticharm quark pair created - the condition likely to be fulfilled in central Pb+Pb collisions at the CERN SPS energies. We introduce a method to correct the measured joint distribution function for the smearing of the charm and anticharm hadron momenta caused by hadronisation. Then the results are directly sensitive to the spatial correlations at the hadronisation. Using an example of central Pb+Pb collisions at the CERN SPS energies, we demonstrate that even a limited statistics of charm-anticharm hadron pairs can distinguish between different spatial correlation functions of charm-anticharm quarks at hadronisation.
The results on spatial charm-anticharm quark correlations will provide a unique test of different assumptions on heavy quark creation in space-time and transport in dense, strongly interacting matter. We show that the existing detector technology and beam intensities at the CERN SPS should allow us to conduct the needed experiments soon.
26. Experimental Impact of Jet Fragmentation Reference Frames At Particle Collidersid:2308.10951:id在线阅读
Lawrence Lee, Charles Bell, John Lawless, Cordney Nash, Emery Nibigira
In collider physics, the properties of hadronic jets are often measured as a function of their lab-frame momenta. However, jet fragmentation must occur in a particular rest frame defined by all color-connected particles. Since this frame need not be the lab frame, the fragmentation of a jet depends on the properties of its sibling objects. This non-factorizability of jets has consequences for experimental jet techniques such as jet tagging, boosted boson measurements, and searches for physics Beyond the Standard Model. In this paper, we will describe the effect and show its impact as predicted by simulation.
在对撞机物理学中，强子射流的特性通常是作为其实验室框架矩的函数来测量的。然而，射流碎裂必须发生在由所有颜色连接粒子定义的特定静止帧中。由于这个静止帧不一定是实验室帧，因此射流的碎裂取决于其兄弟物体的特性。射流的这种非因子性对射流实验技术（如射流标记、助推玻色子测量和标准模型之外的物理学搜索）产生了影响。在本文中，我们将描述这种效应，并展示模拟预测的影响。
27. Sphaleron and gravitational wave with the Higgs-Dilaton potential in the Standard Model Two-Time Physicsid:2409.02414:id在线阅读
Vo Quoc Phong, Quach Ai Mi, Nguyen Xuan Vinh
By introducing a Higgs-Dilaton potential, the 2T model has a trigger for a first order electroweak phase transition, namely for the mass of Dilaton between $300 $ GeV and $550$ GeV. We have also compared the transition strengths in the case with and without daisy loops, the difference being always less than $0.2$. The effective Higgs potential has given a sphaleron energy less than $8.4$ TeV. The timescale of phase transition $(\beta/H^*)$ is larger than $25$ and less than $34$ in all cases that are sufficient to trigger the first order electroweak phase transition. Gravitational wave energy density caused by this transition, may be detected by future detectors, could indirectly confirm Dilaton.
通过引入希格斯-迪拉顿势能，2T 模型触发了一阶电弱相变，即迪拉顿质量在 300 美元 GeV 和 550 美元 GeV 之间时。我们还比较了有菊花环和无菊花环情况下的相变强度，两者的差异始终小于 0.2 美元。有效希格斯势给出了小于 8.4$ TeV 的sphaleron 能量。在所有足以触发一阶电弱相变的情况下，相变的时间尺度 $(\beta/H^*)$ 都大于 $25$，小于 $34$。由这一转变引起的引力波能量密度可能会被未来的探测器探测到，从而间接证实迪拉顿。
28. Pion pair production in $e^+ e^-$ annihilation at next-to-leading order matched to Parton Showerid:2409.03469:id在线阅读
E. Budassi, C. M. Carloni Calame, M. Ghilardi, A. Gurgone, G. Montagna, M. Moretti, O. Nicrosini, F. Piccinini, F. P. Ucci
The pion pair production in $e^+ e^-$ annihilation at flavour factories plays a crucial role in the determination of the hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment. The recent CMD-3 measurement of the pion form factor via energy scan displays a significant difference with the previous experimental determinations. In order to contribute to an improved theoretical description and simulation of energy scan experiments, we present a calculation of the $e^+ e^- \to \pi^+ \pi^- (\gamma)$ hadronic channel at next-to-leading order matched to a Parton Shower algorithm in QED and sQED. According to the recent advances in the literature, particular attention is paid to the treatment of the pion composite structure in loop diagrams beyond the commonly used factorised sQED approach, as well as to the modelling of multiple photon radiation through the Parton Shower algorithm. In particular, we carry out a detailed discussion on the inclusion of the pion form factor in the virtual sQED corrections according to two independent methods, inspired by the generalised vector meson dominance model and the dispersive approach, respectively. We find the two methods to be in remarkable agreement. We show phenomenological results for inclusive and differential observables which are relevant for precision energy scan measurements, focusing on the impact of the radiative corrections and the effect of the various approaches for the treatment of the pion form factor. Our calculation is implemented in an updated version of the Monte Carlo event generator BabaYaga@NLO, that can be used for fully exclusive simulations in data analysis.
在味道工厂的 $e^+ e^-$ 歼灭中，先驱对的产生对确定μ介子反常磁矩的强子贡献起着至关重要的作用。最近通过能量扫描对先驱形式因子进行的 CMD-3 测量显示出与之前实验测定结果的显著差异。为了改进能量扫描实验的理论描述和模拟，我们提出了一种在次先导阶与QED和sQED中的Parton Shower算法相匹配的$e^+ e^- \to \pi^+ \pi^-（\gamma）$强子通道的计算方法。根据文献的最新进展，我们特别关注了环图中先驱复合结构的处理，超越了常用的因子化 sQED 方法，以及通过 Parton Shower 算法对多光子辐射的建模。特别是，我们根据两种独立的方法，分别从广义矢量介子主导模型和色散方法得到的启发，对把先驱形式因子纳入虚拟 sQED 修正进行了详细讨论。我们发现这两种方法非常一致。我们展示了与精确能量扫描测量相关的包容性和差分观测指标的现象学结果，重点是辐射修正的影响以及各种方法对先驱形式因子处理的影响。我们的计算是在蒙特卡洛事件发生器 BabaYaga@NLO 的更新版本中实现的，它可以用于数据分析中的全排他性模拟。
29. FIMP Dark Matter in bulk viscous non-standard cosmologiesid:2411.05590:id在线阅读
Esteban González, Carlos Maldonado, N. Stefanía Mite, Rodrigo Salinas
In this paper, we revisit the extension of the classical non-standard cosmological model in which dissipative processes are considered through a bulk viscous term in the new field $\phi$, which interacts with the radiation component during the early universe. Specifically, we consider an interaction term of the form $\Gamma_{\phi} \rho_{\phi}$, where $\Gamma_{\phi}$ represents the decay rate of the field and $\rho_{\phi}$ denotes its energy density and a bulk viscosity described by $\xi=\xi_{0}\rho_{\phi}^{1/2}$, within the framework of Eckart's theory. This extended non-standard cosmology is employed to explore the parameter space for the production of Feebly Interacting Massive Particles (FIMPs) as Dark Matter candidates, assuming a constant thermal averaged Dark Matter production cross-section ($\langle\sigma v\rangle$), as well as a preliminary analysis of the non-constant case. In particular, for certain combinations of the model and Dark Matter parameters, namely ($T_\text{end}$,$\kappa$) and $(m_\chi,\langle\sigma v\rangle)$, where $T_\text{end}$ corresponds to the temperature at which $\phi$ decays, $\kappa$ is the ratio between the initial energy density of $\phi$ and radiation, and $m_\chi$ is the Dark Matter mass, we identify extensive new parameter regions where Dark Matter can be successfully established while reproducing the currently observed relic density, in contrast to the predictions of $\Lambda$CDM and classical non-standard cosmological scenarios.
在本文中，我们重新审视了经典非标准宇宙学模型的扩展，在这一模型中，耗散过程是通过新场$\phi$中的体粘性项来考虑的，它在早期宇宙中与辐射成分相互作用。具体来说，我们考虑了一个形式为 $\Gamma_{\phi} 的相互作用项。\其中，$\Gamma_{\phi}$代表场的衰减率，$\rrho_{\phi}$表示其能量密度，以及在埃卡特理论框架内由$xi=\xi_{0}\rrho_\{phi}^{1/2}$描述的体积粘度。在假设热平均暗物质产生截面（$\langle\sigma v\rangle$ ）恒定的情况下，我们利用这种扩展的非标准宇宙学来探索作为暗物质候选者的弱相互作用大质量粒子（FIMPs）产生的参数空间，并对非恒定情况进行了初步分析。其中，$T_\text{end}$对应于$\phi$衰变时的温度，$\kappa$是$\phi$的初始能量密度与辐射的比值、与$\Lambda$CDM和经典非标准宇宙学方案的预言相比，我们发现了大量新的参数区域，在这些区域中，暗物质可以成功地建立起来，同时再现当前观测到的遗迹密度。
30. The pole inflation from broken non-compact isometry in Weyl gravityid:2411.16944:id在线阅读
Hyun Min Lee
We propose the microscopic origin of the pole inflation from the scalar fields of broken non-compact isometry in Weyl gravity. We show that the $SO(1,N)$ isometry in the field space in combination with the Weyl symmetry relates the form of the non-minimal couplings to the one of the potential in the Jordan frame. In the presence of an explicit breaking of the $SO(1,N)$ symmetry in the coefficient of the potential, we realize the pole inflation near the pole of the inflaton kinetic term. Applying our results to the Higgs or PQ inflation models, we find that there is one parameter family of the solutions for the pole inflation, depending on the overall coefficient of the Weyl covariant derivatives for scalar fields. The same coefficient not only makes the predictions of the pole inflation varying, being compatible with the Planck data, but also determines the mass of the Weyl gauge field. We also show that the isocurvature perturbations of the axion can be suppressed sufficiently during the PQ pole inflation, and the massive Weyl gauge field produced during reheating serves as a dark matter candidate.
我们从韦尔引力中被打破的非紧凑等距的标量场提出了极点膨胀的微观起源。我们证明，场空间中的$SO(1,N)$等距与韦尔对称性相结合，将非最小耦合的形式与约旦框架中的势的形式联系起来。在势的系数中存在明显的$SO(1,N)$对称性破缺的情况下，我们在胀气动量项的极点附近实现了极点膨胀。把我们的结果应用于希格斯或PQ膨胀模型，我们发现极点膨胀的解有一个参数族，取决于标量场的韦尔协变导数的总系数。同一系数不仅使极点膨胀的预言各不相同，与普朗克数据相一致，而且还决定了韦尔规量场的质量。我们还证明，轴子的等曲率扰动可以在PQ极膨胀过程中被充分抑制，而在再加热过程中产生的大质量韦尔规量场可以作为暗物质候选。
31. Masquerading hybrid stars with dark matterid:2412.05207:id在线阅读
Carline Biesdorf, Jürgen Schaffner-Bielich, Laura Tolos
We investigate the influence of dark matter on hybrid stars. Using a two-fluid approach, where normal and dark matter components interact only gravitationally, we explore how dark matter can trigger the appearance of quark matter in neutron stars for unprecedented low masses. Our findings reveal that dark matter increases the central pressure of neutron stars, potentially leading to the formation of hybrid stars with quark cores even at very low compact star masses. The critical mass for the appearance of quark matter decreases with increasing dark matter content. We introduce the concept of "masquerading hybrid stars", where dark matter admixed stars exhibit similar mass-radius relations to purely hadronic stars, making it challenging to distinguish between them based solely on these parameters. Additionally, we identify a unique class of objects termed "dark oysters", characterized by a large dark matter halo and a small normal matter core, highlighting the diverse structural possibilities for compact stars influenced by dark matter.
我们研究了暗物质对混合星的影响。我们使用一种双流体方法（正常物质和暗物质成分仅在引力作用下发生相互作用），探索暗物质如何在质量空前低的中子星中引发夸克物质的出现。我们的研究结果表明，暗物质会增加中子星的中心压力，即使在紧凑星质量非常低的情况下，也有可能形成具有夸克核心的混合星。出现夸克物质的临界质量随着暗物质含量的增加而降低。我们引入了 "伪装混合星"（masquerading hybrid stars"）的概念，即暗物质掺杂的恒星表现出与纯强子恒星相似的质量-半径关系，这使得仅根据这些参数来区分它们具有挑战性。此外，我们还发现了一类被称为"暗牡蛎"的独特天体，它们的特点是有一个大的暗物质光环和一个小的正常物质核心，凸显了受暗物质影响的紧凑型恒星的多种结构可能性。
32. Viscous effects of a hot QGP medium in time dependent magnetic field and their phenomenological significanceid:2501.19349:id在线阅读
Debarshi Dey, Gowthama K K, Sadhana Dash, Basanta Kumar Nandi
In this work, we have studied, for the first time, the impact of a realistic picture of a time dependent electric and magnetic field on the shear and bulk viscosities of the medium. Both the electric and magnetic fields are considered to be exponentially decaying with time, and the study is valid in the regime where the magnetic field strength is weak ($eB\ll T^2$). The evaluation has been done in the kinetic theory framework wherein we have solved the relativistic Boltzmann transport equation within the relaxation time approximation collision kernel. We have shown that the constant weak field results as well as the $B=0$ results in the literature can be obtained as special cases of our general results. We have observed that the shear and bulk viscosities increase with time or equivalently, decrease with the strength of the magnetic field. To connect these observations with experiments, we have calculated the thermalization time, shear viscosity to entropy ratio ($\eta /s$), and bulk viscosity to entropy ratio ($\zeta /s$).
在这项工作中，我们首次研究了随时间变化的电场和磁场对介质剪切粘度和体积粘度的影响。电场和磁场都被认为随时间呈指数衰减，研究在磁场强度较弱（$eB\ll T^2$）的情况下有效。评估是在动力学理论框架下进行的，我们在弛豫时间近似碰撞核内求解了相对论玻尔兹曼输运方程。我们已经证明，恒定弱场结果以及文献中的 $B=0$ 结果可以作为我们一般结果的特例获得。我们观察到，剪切粘度和体积粘度随着时间的推移而增大，或者说，随着磁场强度的增大而减小。为了将这些观察结果与实验联系起来，我们计算了热化时间、剪切粘度与熵比 ($\eta /s$)，以及体积粘度与熵比 ($\zeta /s$)。
33. Weak mixing angle under $\text{U}(1, 3)$ colored gravityid:2502.11236:id在线阅读
Robert Monjo
Colored gravity, based on $\text{U}(1,3)$ symmetry, emerges naturally in the complexification of Lorentzian manifolds and integrates U(1) electromagnetism as a subcase. This work explores the viability of also including strong and electroweak interactions under the $\text{U}(1,3)$ gauge group of colored gravity. We identify specific generators linked to leptonic and quark interactions and embed the standard Higgs mechanism. Crucially, the weak mixing angle ($\sin^2\theta_W$) is predicted to exhibit about $\sim0.231$ for lepton-lepton interactions (close to observations) and $\sim0.222$ for hadron-lepton interactions, which is in 3$\sigma$ tension with some observations. These findings open pathways for reconciling experimental data with colored gravity and suggest avenues for quantum correction studies.
基于$\text{U}(1,3)$对称性的彩色引力在洛伦兹流形的复杂化过程中自然出现，并将U(1)电磁学作为一个子案例加以整合。这项工作探索了在有色引力的 $\text{U}(1,3)$ 计度群下也包括强相互作用和电弱相互作用的可行性。我们确定了与轻子和夸克相互作用相关的特定发生器，并嵌入了标准希格斯机制。最重要的是，我们预测轻子-轻子相互作用的弱混合角（$\sin^2\theta_W$）约为$\sim0.231$（接近观测结果），而强子-轻子相互作用的弱混合角约为$\sim0.222$，与一些观测结果相差3$\sigma$。这些发现为调和实验数据与有色引力开辟了途径，并为量子修正研究提出了建议。
34. Critical Unstable Qubits: an Application to $B^0\bar{B}^0$-Meson Systemid:2502.15625:id在线阅读
Dimitrios Karamitros, Thomas McKelvey, Apostolos Pilaftsis
We extend our previous work on a novel class of unstable qubits which we have identified recently and called them Critical Unstable Qubits (CUQs). The characteristic property of CUQs is that the energy-level and decay-width vectors, ${\bf E}$ and ${\bf \Gamma}$, are orthogonal to one another, and the key parameter $r = |{\bf \Gamma}|/|2{\bf E}|$ is less than 1. Most remarkably, CUQs exhibit two atypical behaviours: (i) they display coherence-decoherence oscillations in a co-decaying frame of the system described by a unit Bloch vector ${\bf b}$, and (ii) the unit Bloch vector ${\bf b}$ describing a pure CUQ sweeps out unequal areas during equal intervals of time, while rotating about the vector ${\bf E}$. The latter anharmonic phenomenon emerges beyond the usual oscillatory pattern due to the energy-level difference of the two-level quantum system, which governs an ordinary qubit. By making use of a Fourier series decomposition, we define anharmonicity observables that quantify the degree of non-sinusoidal oscillation of a CUQ. We apply the results of our formalism to the $B^0\bar{B}^0$-meson system and derive, for the first time, generic upper limits on these new observables.
我们扩展了之前的工作，研究了最近发现的一类新型不稳定量子比特，并将其称为临界不稳定量子比特（CUQs）。CUQs的特征特性是能级向量${\bf E}$和衰变宽度向量${\bf \Gamma}$彼此正交，关键参数$r = |{\bf \Gamma}|/|2{\bf E}|$小于1。最显著的是，CUQ表现出两种非典型行为：（i）它们在单位布洛赫矢量${\bf b}$描述的系统的共衰减框架中显示出相干-去相干振荡；（ii）描述纯CUQ的单位布洛赫矢量${\bf b}$在相等的时间间隔内扫出不相等的区域，同时围绕矢量${\bf E}$旋转。后一种非谐波现象的出现超越了通常的振荡模式，这是由于两级量子系统的能级差异造成的，它支配着一个普通的量子比特。通过利用傅里叶级数分解，我们定义了非谐波观测量，可以量化 CUQ 的非正弦振荡程度。我们将形式主义的结果应用于 $B^0\bar{B}^0$-介子系统，并首次推导出了这些新观测指标的通用上限。
35. Electron-positron annihilation into heavy leptons at two loopsid:2503.09245:id在线阅读
Roman E. Gerasimov, Petr A. Krachkov, Roman N. Lee
We calculate the NNLO QED corrections to the $C$-even part of differential cross section of $e^+e^- \to \mu^+\mu^-$ process. We neglect power corrections in the electron mass and obtain the result in terms of Goncharov's polylogarithms.
我们计算了$e^+e^- \to \mu^+\mu^-$过程差分截面的$C$偶数部分的NNLO QED修正。我们忽略了电子质量的幂校正，并用冈察洛夫（Goncharov'）多对数得到了结果。
36. Studying the $KΛ$ strong interaction with femtoscopic correlation functions and the $N^*(1535)$id:2503.22453:id在线阅读
Si-Wei Liu, Ju-Jun Xie
We investigate the $K \Lambda$ strong interaction dynamics around the energy region of $N^*(1535)$ resonance through femtoscopic correlation functions within the Koonin-Pratt formalism, where coupled-channel effects of $\pi N$, $K\Lambda$, $K \Sigma$ and $\eta N$ channels are taken into account, by means of which the $N^*(1535)$ resonance can be dynamically generated in the chiral unitary approach. Two-body scattering amplitudes are calculated using the chiral unitary approach, and the corresponding wave functions and correlation functions are obtained. Our analysis shows that the $\pi N$ channel becomes important to the $K^+\Lambda$ correlation function through coupled channel effects, even if its mass threshold is far from the energy region of the $N^*(1535)$. Furthermore, with the picture that the $N^*(1535)$ is a dynamically generated state, we can get a good reproduction of the experimental data on the $K^+\Lambda$ correlation function. This work establishes femtoscopic correlation functions as a sensitive probe for coupled-channel dynamics and validates the Koonin-Pratt framework in multi-channel hadronic systems, offering critical insights into some exotic hadron states and strong interaction mechanisms.
我们在库宁-普拉特（Koonin-Pratt）形式主义中通过飞微观相关函数研究了N^*(1535)$共振能量区附近的$K \Lambda$强相互作用动力学，其中考虑了$\pi N$、$K \Lambda$、$K \Sigma$和$\eta N$通道的耦合效应，通过这些耦合效应可以在手性单元方法中动态地产生$N^*(1535)$共振。利用手性单元法计算了二体散射振幅，并得到了相应的波函数和相关函数。我们的分析表明，通过耦合通道效应，$\pi N$ 通道对 $K^+\Lambda$ 相关函数变得非常重要，即使其质量阈值远离 $N^*(1535)$ 的能量区域。此外，由于$N^*(1535)$是动态生成的状态，我们可以很好地再现$K^+\Lambda$相关函数的实验数据。这项工作确立了飞微观相关函数作为耦合信道动力学的灵敏探针，并验证了多信道强子系统中的库宁-普拉特框架，为一些奇异的强子态和强相互作用机制提供了重要的见解。
37. The impact of the TMD shape function on matching the transverse momentum spectrum in $J/ψ$ production at the EICid:2504.19617:id在线阅读
Luca Maxia, Daniël Boer, Jelle Bor
The impact of the inclusion of TMD shape functions on the transverse momentum spectrum in $J/\psi$ production at the EIC is investigated by considering the matching of the TMD factorization description at low transverse momentum with the collinear factorization description at high transverse momentum by means of the inverse-error weighting method. Despite large uncertainties from scale variations and the $J/\psi$ long-distance matrix elements, predictions for the differential cross section and its $\cos(2\phi_\psi)$ modulation are obtained. We find that physical constraints are satisfied in case a process-dependent term is included for color octet production, but not in all cases when it is excluded. These numerical results support the analytic calculations in \cite{Boer:2023zit}. Future experimental data can thus test the validity of TMD factorization in $J/\psi$ production and explore the presence of nontrivial process-dependent effects in the soft-gluon resummation. This will be crucial in the extraction of gluon unpolarized and linearly polarized TMD distributions of the proton. In addition, we suggest how the sign of the latter can be determined by investigating the presence of a node in the $\cos(2\phi_\psi)$ modulation as a function of transverse momentum.
通过反误差加权法考虑低横向动量下的TMD因式分解描述与高横向动量下的对偶因式分解描述的匹配，研究了在EIC的$J/\psi$产生中包含TMD形状函数对横向动量谱的影响。尽管尺度变化和$J/\psi$长距离矩阵元素带来了很大的不确定性，但还是得到了差分截面及其$cos(2\phi_\psi)$调制的预测结果。我们发现，如果在彩色八分之一产生中包含一个与过程有关的项，那么物理约束就会得到满足，但如果不包含这个项，则并非在所有情况下都能得到满足。这些数值结果支持了 \cite{Boer:2023zit}中的分析计算。因此，未来的实验数据可以检验TMD因式分解在$J/\psi$产生中的有效性，并探索软胶子重和中是否存在与过程无关的效应。这对于提取质子的胶子非极化和线性极化 TMD 分布至关重要。此外，我们还提出了如何通过研究作为横动量函数的$\cos(2\phi_\psi)$调制中节点的存在来确定后者的符号。
38. Vacuum stability conditions for new $SU(2)$ multipletsid:2505.05272:id在线阅读
André Milagre, Darius Jurčiukonis, Luís Lavoura
We consider the addition to the Standard Model of a scalar $SU(2)$ multiplet $\Delta_n$ with dimension $n$ going from $1$ to $6$. The multiplet $\Delta_n$ is assumed to have null vacuum expectation value and an arbitrary (free) hypercharge. We determine the shape of the phase space for the new terms that appear in the scalar potential (SP); we observe in particular that, in the case of a 6-plet, the phase space is slightly concave along one of its boundaries. We determine the bounded-from-below and vacuum stability conditions on the SP for each value of $n$.
我们考虑在标准模型中加入一个维度为$n$从$1$到$6$的标量$SU(2)$ 多次元$\Delta_n$。多子 $\Delta_n$ 假设具有空真空期望值和任意（自由）超电荷。我们确定了出现在标量势（SP）中的新项的相空间形状；我们特别观察到，在 6-plet 的情况下，相空间沿着它的一个边界略微凹陷。我们确定了每一个 $n$ 值的标量势的有界自下条件和真空稳定条件。
39. SKATR: A Self-Supervised Summary Transformer for SKAid:2410.18899:id在线阅读
Ayodele Ore, Caroline Heneka, Tilman Plehn
The Square Kilometer Array will initiate a new era of radio astronomy by allowing 3D imaging of the Universe during Cosmic Dawn and Reionization. Modern machine learning is crucial to analyse the highly structured and complex signal. However, accurate training data is expensive to simulate, and supervised learning may not generalize. We introduce a self-supervised vision transformer, SKATR, whose learned encoding can be cheaply adapted for downstream tasks on 21cm maps. Focusing on regression and generative inference of astrophysical and cosmological parameters, we demonstrate that SKATR representations are maximally informative and that SKATR generalises out-of-domain to differently-simulated, noised, and higher-resolution datasets.
平方公里阵列将开创射电天文学的新纪元，在宇宙黎明和再电离期间对宇宙进行三维成像。现代机器学习对于分析高度结构化的复杂信号至关重要。然而，精确的训练数据模拟成本高昂，而且监督学习可能无法实现泛化。我们介绍了一种自监督视觉转换器--SKATR，其学习到的编码可以廉价地适应 21 厘米地图上的下游任务。我们以天体物理和宇宙学参数的回归和生成推理为重点，证明了 SKATR 表征具有最大信息量，并且 SKATR 可以域外泛化到不同模拟、噪声和更高分辨率的数据集。
40. $\tildeξ$-attractors in metric-affine gravityid:2411.08031:id在线阅读
Antonio Racioppi
We propose a new class of inflationary attractors in metric-affine gravity. Such class features a non-minimal coupling $\tilde\xi \, \Omega(\phi)$ with the Holst invariant $\tilde{\cal R}$ and an inflaton potential proportional to $\Omega(\phi)^2$. The attractor behaviour of the class takes place with two combined strong coupling limits. The first limit is realized at large $\tilde\xi$, which makes the theory equivalent to a $\tilde{\cal R}^2$ model. Then, the second limit considers a very small Barbero-Immirzi parameter which leads the inflationary predictions of the $\tilde{\cal R}^2$ model towards the ones of Starobinsky inflation. Because of the analogy with the renown $\xi$-attractors, we label this new class as $\tilde\xi$-attractors.
我们提出了一类新的公因子引力中的通货膨胀吸引子。这一类吸引子的特点是与霍尔斯特不变式$\tilde{cal R}$和与$\Omega(\phi)^2$成比例的膨胀势的非最小耦合$\tilde\xi \, \Omega(\phi)$。该类的吸引子行为有两个组合的强耦合极限。第一个极限是在大$\tilde\xi$时实现的，这使得理论等价于一个$\tilde{\cal R}^2$模型。然后，第二个极限考虑了一个非常小的巴伯-伊米尔兹（Barbero-Immirzi）参数，这使得$\tilde{cal R}^2$模型的暴胀预言趋向于斯塔罗宾斯基暴胀预言。由于与著名的 $\xi$-attractors 类似，我们把这一新类别称为 $\tilde\xi$-attractors 。
41. Using the Th III Ion for a Nuclear Clock and Searches for New Physicsid:2412.18308:id在线阅读
V. A. Dzuba, V. V. Flambaum
The 229Th nucleus possesses a unique low-frequency transition at 8.4 eV, which is being considered for the development of an extremely accurate nuclear clock. We investigate an electronic bridge process in the Th III ion, where nuclear excitation occurs via electronic transitions, and demonstrate that a proper choice of laser frequencies can lead to 10,000 enhancement of this effect. Electrons also reduce 1.7 times the lifetime of the nuclear excited state.
229Th 核在 8.4 eV 处有一个独特的低频跃迁，目前正在考虑将其用于开发极其精确的核钟。我们研究了 Th III 离子中的电子桥过程，其中核激发是通过电子跃迁发生的，并证明适当选择激光频率可使这种效应增强 10,000。电子还能使核激发态的寿命缩短 1.7 倍。
Additionally, the electronic structure of the Th III ion exhibits features that make it particularly useful for probing new physics. Notably, it contains a metastable state connected to the ground state via a weak M2 transition, which can be utilized for quantum information processing, as well as searches for oscillating axion field, violation of local Lorentz invariance, test of the Einstein's equivalence principle, and measurement of nuclear weak quadrupole moment. The electronic states of the ion present a unique case of level crossing involving the 5f, 6d, and 7s single-electron states. This crossing renders the transition frequencies highly sensitive to potential time-variation of the fine-structure constant.
42. Robustness of dark energy phenomenology across different parameterizationsid:2502.04929:id在线阅读
William J. Wolf, Carlos García-García, Pedro G. Ferreira
The recent evidence for dynamical dark energy from DESI, in combination with other cosmological data, has generated significant interest in understanding the nature of dark energy and its underlying microphysics. However, interpreting these results critically depends on how dark energy is parameterized. This paper examines the robustness of conclusions about the viability of particular kinds of dynamical dark energy models to the choice of parameterization, focusing on four popular two-parameter models: the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL), Jassal-Bagla-Padmanabhan (JBP), Barboza-Alcaniz (BA), and exponential (EXP) parameterizations. We find that conclusions regarding the viability of minimally and non-minimally coupled quintessence models are independent of the parameterization adopted. We demonstrate this both by mapping these dark energy models into the $(w_0, w_a)$ parameter space defined by these various parameterizations and by showing that all of these parameterizations can equivalently account for the phenomenology predicted by these dark energy models to a high degree of accuracy.
最近，来自 DESI 的动态暗能量证据与其他宇宙学数据相结合，引起了人们对了解暗能量性质及其潜在微观物理的极大兴趣。然而，解释这些结果关键取决于如何对暗能量进行参数化。本文重点研究了四种流行的双参数模型：Chevallier-Polarski-Linder（CPL）、Jassal-Bagla-Padmanabhan（JBP）、Barboza-Alcaniz（BA）和指数（EXP）参数化，考察了参数化选择对特定类型动态暗能量模型可行性结论的稳健性。我们发现，有关最小耦合和非最小耦合五芒星模型可行性的结论与所采用的参数化无关。我们将这些暗能量模型映射到由这些不同参数化定义的 $(w_0, w_a)$ 参数空间，并证明所有这些参数化都能等效地解释这些暗能量模型所预测的现象，而且精确度很高。
43. MPD physics performance studies in Bi+Bi collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=9.2$ GeVid:2503.21117:id在线阅读
MPD Collaboration
The Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) is one of the three experiments of the Nuclotron Ion Collider-fAcility (NICA) complex, which is currently under construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. With collisions of heavy ions in the collider mode, the MPD will cover the energy range 4-11 GeV to scan the high baryon-density region of the QCD phase diagram. With expected statistics of 50-100 million events collected during the first run, MPD will be able to study a number of observables, including measurements of light hadrons and hypernuclei production, particle flow, correlations and fluctuations, have a first look at dielectron production, and modification of vector-meson properties in dense matter. In this paper, we present selected results of the physics feasibility studies for the MPD experiment in Bismuth-Bismuth collisions at an energy of 9.2 GeV, the system considered as one of the first available at the NICA collider.
多用途探测器（MPD）是目前正在杜布纳联合核研究所（Joint Institute for Nuclear Research）建造的核动力离子对撞机设施（NICA）综合体的三个实验之一。通过对撞机模式下的重离子对撞，MPD 将覆盖 4-11 GeV 的能量范围，以扫描 QCD 相图的高重子密度区域。在首次运行期间，预计将收集 5000 万到 1 亿个事件的统计数据，MPD 将能够研究一系列观测指标，包括测量轻质强子和超核的产生、粒子流、相关性和波动，首次观察介子的产生，以及稠密物质中矢量介子特性的改变。在本文中，我们将介绍在能量为 9.2 GeV 的铋-铋对撞中进行 MPD 实验的物理可行性研究的部分结果。