AI科研助手
0. From Supernovae to Neutron Stars: A Systematic Approach to Axion Production at Finite Densityid:2410.10945:id在线阅读
Konstantin Springmann, Michael Stadlbauer, Stefan Stelzl, Andreas Weiler
We present a systematic study of QCD axion production in environments with finite baryon density and temperature, implying significant changes to axion phenomenology. Within heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory, we derive the effective Lagrangian describing axion interactions with nucleons and mesons up to next-to-leading-order in the chiral expansion. We focus on corrections to the axion-nucleon couplings from higher orders and finite density. These couplings are modified by up to an order of magnitude near nuclear saturation density, significantly impacting axion production in supernovae and neutron stars. Density-dependent corrections enhance the axion luminosity in supernovae by an order of magnitude, strengthening current best bounds by a factor of three. We stress the importance of including all axion production channels up to a given chiral order for a consistent luminosity calculation and classify the missing contributions up to the third chiral order. The modified axion-nucleon couplings also affect neutron star cooling rates via axion emission. A re-evaluation of existing neutron star cooling bounds, constrained to regions where perturbative control is reliable, weakens these bounds by a factor of four. Lastly, our results have implications for terrestrial axion searches that rely on precise knowledge of axion-nucleon couplings.
我们对QCD轴子在重子密度和温度有限的环境中的产生进行了系统研究，这意味着轴子现象学发生了重大变化。在重重子手性扰动理论中，我们推导出了描述轴子与核子和介子相互作用的有效拉格朗日，直到手性展开的次导阶。我们重点关注高阶和有限密度对轴子-核子耦合的修正。这些耦合在核饱和密度附近最多会被修正一个数量级，从而对超新星和中子星中轴子的产生产生重大影响。与密度相关的修正使超新星中的轴子光度提高了一个数量级，使目前的最佳边界增强了三倍。我们强调了包括特定手性阶以下所有轴子产生通道对于计算一致光度的重要性，并对第三手性阶以下的缺失贡献进行了分类。修正的轴子-核子耦合也会通过轴子发射影响中子星的冷却速率。对现有中子星冷却边界的重新评估，限制在微扰控制可靠的区域，将这些边界削弱了四倍。最后，我们的结果对依赖于轴子-核子耦合的精确知识的陆地轴子搜索也有影响。

1. Quasielastic Lepton-Nucleus Scattering and the Correlated Fermi Gas Modelid:2410.10972:id在线阅读
Gil Paz
The future neutrino research program will require improved precision. A major source of uncertainty is the interaction of neutrinos with nuclei that serve as targets for such experiments. Broadly speaking, this interaction often depends, e.g., for Charge-Current Quasi-Elastic (CCQE) scattering, on the combination of "nucleon physics" expressed by form factors and "nuclear physics" expressed by a nuclear model. It is important to get a good handle on both. This talk presents a fully analytic implementation of the Correlated Fermi Gas (CFG) Model for CCQE electron-nuclei and neutrino-nuclei scattering. The implementation is used to compare separately form factors and nuclear model effects for both electron-carbon and neutrino-carbon scattering data.
未来的中微子研究计划需要提高精度。不确定性的一个主要来源是中微子与作为此类实验目标的原子核之间的相互作用。从广义上讲，这种相互作用通常取决于（例如电荷-电流准弹性散射（CCQE））形式因子表示的核子物理学和核模型表示的核物理学的结合。掌握好这两方面的知识非常重要。本讲座介绍了针对 CCQE 电子-核和中子-核散射的相关费米气体（CFG）模型的完全解析实现。该实现被用来分别比较电子-碳和中微子-碳散射数据的形式因子和核模型效应。

2. Higher precision constraints on the tau $g-2$ in LHC photon-initiated production: a full account of hadron dissociation and soft survival effectsid:2410.10978:id在线阅读
L. A. Harland-Lang
We present the first calculation of photon-initiated $\tau$ pair production in the presence of non-zero anomalous magnetic ($a_\tau$) and/or electric dipole ($d_\tau$) moments of the $\tau$ lepton that accounts for the non-trivial interplay between these modifications with the soft survival factor and the possibility of dissociation of the hadron (proton or ion) beam. The impact of these is on general grounds not expected to have a uniform dependence on the value of $a_\tau, d_\tau$, but in all previous analyses this assumption has been made. We have therefore investigated the importance of these effects in the context of photon-initiated $\tau$ pair production in both pp and PbPb collisions. This is in general found to be relatively small, at the percent level in terms of any extracted limits or observations of $a_\tau, d_\tau$, such that these effects can indeed be safely ignored in existing experimental analyses. However, as the precision of such determinations increases in the future, the relevance of these effects will likewise increase. With this in mind we have made our calculation publicly available in the SuperChic Monte Carlo generator, including the possibility to simulate this process for varying $a_\tau, d_\tau$ without rerunning.
我们首次提出了在存在非零反常磁矩（$a_\tau$）和/或电偶极矩（$d_\tau$）的$\tau$轻子的情况下光子引发的$\tau$对产生的计算，其中考虑到了这些修正与软生存因子以及强子（质子或离子）束解离的可能性之间非同小可的相互作用。一般来说，这些影响并不会均匀地依赖于$a_\tau, d_\tau$的值，但在之前的所有分析中都做了这样的假设。因此，我们研究了在pp和PbPb对撞中光子引发的$\tau$成对产生中这些效应的重要性。一般来说，从任何提取的极限或对$a_\tau, d_\tau$的观测结果来看，这些影响在百分水平上相对较小，因此在现有的实验分析中确实可以安全地忽略这些影响。然而，随着未来此类测定精度的提高，这些效应的相关性也将同样提高。考虑到这一点，我们在 SuperChic Monte Carlo 生成器中公开了我们的计算，包括可以在不重新运行的情况下模拟改变 $a_\tau, d_\tau$ 的过程。

3. Constraining New Physics with $h\rightarrow VV$ Tomographyid:2410.10980:id在线阅读
Matthew Sullivan
The application of quantum information methods to high energy physics has recently been gaining traction. In particular, reconstructing density matrices and measuring entanglement have been investigated for top quark decays and Higgs decays. This paper will further investigate the utility of density matrices for Higgs decays to vector bosons. Imprints of new physics, whether CP-even or CP-odd, in $h \rightarrow VV$ will generally change the spin density matrix, and so the tomographic reconstruction of the density matrix can constrain, or potentially detect, such new physics. New physics, expressed in the language of the Standard Model effective field theory, is analyzed in this framework of quantum tomography. Prospects for $h \rightarrow WW$ are good due to the fully chiral coupling of the $W$ boson to fermions, while $h \rightarrow ZZ$ requires around an order of magnitude more events to reach comparable sensitivity.
最近，量子信息方法在高能物理中的应用越来越受到重视。特别是对顶夸克衰变和希格斯衰变的密度矩阵重建和纠缠测量进行了研究。本文将进一步研究密度矩阵对希格斯衰变到矢量玻色子的效用。在$h \rightarrow VV$中的新物理学印记，无论是CP偶或CP偶，一般都会改变自旋密度矩阵，因此密度矩阵的层析重建可以约束或潜在地探测这种新物理学。用标准模型有效场理论语言表达的新物理学在量子层析框架中得到了分析。由于 $W$ 玻色子与费米子的全手性耦合，$h\rightarrow WW$ 的前景很好，而$h\rightarrow ZZ$ 则需要更多数量级的事件才能达到可比的灵敏度。

4. The inflation trilogy and primordial black holesid:2410.10996:id在线阅读
Paulo B. Ferraz, João G. Rosa
We propose an inflation scenario with three independent stages of cold, warm and thermal inflation, respectively, driven by different scalar fields, motivated by the large number of such fields predicted in most extensions of the Standard Model. We show, in particular, that the intermediate period of warm inflation naturally leads to large density fluctuations on small scales, which can lead to primordial black hole formation in the mass window where they may account for all dark matter. This type of scenario yields a distinctive primordial black hole mass function with a mass gap, with the final period of thermal inflation diluting the abundance of very light black holes.
我们提出了由不同标量场分别驱动冷胀、暖胀和热胀三个独立阶段的暴胀情景，其动机是标准模型的大多数扩展预言了大量此类场。我们特别表明，中间的暖膨胀期自然会导致小尺度上的大密度波动，这可能会导致质量窗口中原始黑洞的形成，在那里它们可能代表了所有的暗物质。这种情况会产生一个独特的原始黑洞质量函数，其中存在质量鸿沟，最后的热膨胀期会稀释极轻黑洞的丰度。

5. Top Quark Electroweak Dipole Moment at a High Energy Muon Colliderid:2410.11015:id在线阅读
Tao Han, Da Liu, Si Wang
We study the sensitivity reach to probe the electroweak dipole operators associated with a top quark at a multi-TeV lepton collider. Studying the electroweak dipole operators is strongly motivated by precision physics. The operators exhibit unique chiral structure and can be enhanced with respect to others in theories beyond the Standard Model. We illustrate this point in a strongly coupled composite Higgs model. We find that a high energy $\mu^+\mu^-$ collider may offer unique opportunity to probe the electroweak dipole operators beyond the coverage by the LHC and future hadron colliders. The significant sensitivity is achieved by the leading channel $\mu^+ \mu^- \to t \bar t$ near the threshold, and substantially improved by the novel channel $\mu^+ \mu^- \to t \bar t h$ at high energies. We may be able to reach a new physics scale well above the collider energy for moderate couplings of the Wilson coefficients. Our main conclusions are applicable to future $e^+e^-$ colliders.
我们研究了在多 TeV 轻子对撞机上探测与顶夸克相关的电弱偶极算子的灵敏度。研究电弱偶极子算子是精密物理学的强烈动机。这些算子表现出独特的手性结构，而且相对于标准模型之外的其他理论，它们可以得到增强。我们在强耦合复合希格斯模型中说明了这一点。我们发现，高能$\mu^+\mu^-$对撞机可以提供独特的机会来探测超出大型强子对撞机和未来强子对撞机覆盖范围的电弱偶极算子。在阈值附近，领先的通道$\mu^+ \mu^- \to t \bar t$实现了显著的灵敏度，而在高能量下，新通道$\mu^+ \mu^- \to t \bar t h$则大幅提高了灵敏度。对于威尔逊系数的中等耦合，我们可能能够达到远高于对撞机能量的新物理尺度。我们的主要结论适用于未来的$e^+e^-$对撞机。

6. Symmetries from outer automorphisms and unorthodox group extensionsid:2410.11052:id在线阅读
Christian Döring, Andreas Trautner
Symmetries play an essential role in the construction and phenomenology of quantum field theories (QFTs). We discuss how to construct symmetries of QFTs by extending minimal "seed" symmetry groups to larger groups that contain the seed(s) as subgroup(s). On the one hand, there are so-called "normal" extensions, which are given by outer automorphisms of the original symmetry group (including the trivial one) and contain the seed as a normal subgroup. On the other hand, there can be "unorthodox extensions" which do not have this property. We demonstrate our logic on the most general scalar potentials of the two- and three-Higgs-doublet models (2HDM and 3HDM). For the 2HDM, we show that all symmetry groups, including the different possible classes of CP and continuous symmetry groups, can be obtained from extensions of the smallest possible symmetry CP1 by consecutive outer automorphisms. Scanning over normal and unorthodox group extensions might be the easiest way to "machine learn" the possible symmetries of a QFT. However, many of the groups constructible in this way may not be realizable in a concrete model, in the sense that they lead to additional accidental symmetries. Hence, we also comment on a different, "top-down" way to obtain the possible realizable symmetry groups of a QFT based on the covariant transformation of couplings under the most general basis changes.
对称性在量子场论（QFT）的构造和现象学中发挥着至关重要的作用。我们讨论如何通过将最小的"种子"对称群扩展到包含种子作为子群的更大的群来构建 QFT 的对称性。一方面，有所谓的"正常"扩展，它是由原始对称群（包括微不足道的对称群）的外自动变形给出的，并包含作为正常子群的种子。另一方面，也可能存在不具备这一特性的非正统扩展。我们在二希格斯双重模型和三希格斯双重模型（2HDM 和 3HDM）的最一般标量势上演示了我们的逻辑。对于 2HDM 模型，我们证明了所有对称群，包括不同可能类别的 CP 对称群和连续对称群，都可以通过连续的外自动形态从最小可能对称 CP1 的扩展中获得。扫描正常和非正统的群扩展可能是"机器学习"QFT 可能的对称性的最简单方法。然而，许多以这种方式构建的群可能无法在具体模型中实现，因为它们会导致额外的意外对称。因此，我们还评论了另一种不同的、自上而下的方法，即根据最一般基础变化下耦合的协变变换来获得 QFT 可能的可实现对称群。

7. Phenomenology of the semileptonic $\Sigma_{b}^{*0}\,\rightarrow\, \Sigma_{c}^{+}\,\ell\,\bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ transition within QCD sum rulesid:2410.11074:id在线阅读
L. Khajouei, K. Azizi
We conduct an investigation on the spin $\frac{3}{2}\rightarrow \frac{1}{2}$ semileptonic weak transition of single heavy baryons for the exclusive decay $\Sigma_{b}^{*0}\,\rightarrow\, \Sigma_{c}^{+}\,\ell\,\bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ in three possible lepton channels within the three point QCD sum rule method. We compute the responsible form factors of this semileptonic decay by incorporating both perturbative and non-perturbative contributions of the operator product expansion series up to mass dimension six. Having acquired the form factors, the decay widths of the processes in all lepton channels are determined. Our findings as well as possible future experimental information can be employed in order to check the SM predictions and explore the possibility of new physics in heavy baryonic decay channels.
我们在三点QCD和则方法中对三种可能的轻子信道中的单重重子的自旋$\frac{3}{2}\rightarrow \frac{1}{2}$半轻子弱转变进行了研究。我们通过将算子乘积展开数列的扰动和非扰动贡献都纳入质量维度六，计算了这种半轻子衰变的负责形式因子。在获得了形式因子之后，我们还确定了所有轻子通道的衰变宽度。我们的发现以及未来可能的实验信息可以用来检验 SM 预测，并探索重重子衰变通道中新物理的可能性。

8. Unified Interpretation of 95 GeV Excesses in the Two Higgs Doublet type II Seesaw Modelid:2410.11140:id在线阅读
Brahim Ait-Ouazghour, Mohamed Chabab, Khalid Goure
In the search for a light Higgs boson, the ATLAS and CMS experiments have observed excesses in both the diphoton ($\gamma\gamma$) and di-tau-pair ($\tau^+\tau^-$) decay channels at about $95$ GeV. The LEP collaboration has also previously reported an excess in the $b\bar{b}$ channel at a comparable Higgs mass. In this paper, we explore whether these excesses can be accommodated within the framework of the Two Higgs Doublet type II Seesaw Model (2HDMcT). By implementing various theoretical constraints and experimental limits on the parameter space, we first demonstrate that a light CP-even Higgs boson, $h_1$, with a mass around 95 GeV can simultaneously account for the excesses observed in the $\gamma\gamma$ and $b\bar{b}$ channels, provided a Type I Yukawa texture is employed. More interestingly, our analysis shows that the three excesses in $\gamma\gamma$, $b\bar{b}$ and $\tau^+\tau^-$ channels can well be accommodated simultaneously, reaching a $0.64 \sigma$ C.L. if the CP-odd Higgs boson $A_1$ is nearly mass degenerate and superposed to the light CP-even Higgs $h_1$.
在寻找轻希格斯玻色子的过程中，ATLAS和CMS实验已经观测到了在大约$95$ GeV的双光子（$\gamma\gamma$）和双tau对（$\tau^+\tau^-$）衰变通道中的过量。LEP合作先前也报告了在希格斯质量相当的情况下$b\bar{b}$通道的过量。在本文中，我们探讨了这些过量是否可以在双希格斯双t II型Seesaw模型（2HDMcT）的框架内被容纳。通过对参数空间实施各种理论约束和实验限制，我们首先证明了质量在95 GeV左右的轻CP偶合希格斯玻色子$h_1$可以同时解释在$\gamma\gamma$和$b\bar{b}$通道中观测到的过量，前提是采用了I型尤卡娃纹理。更有趣的是，我们的分析表明，如果CP-偶变希格斯玻色子$A_1$的质量几乎退化，并且与轻CP-偶变希格斯玻色子$h_1$叠加，那么$\gamma\gamma$、$b\bar{b}$和$\tau^+\tau^-$沟道中的三个过量可以很好地同时被容纳，达到$0.64 \sigma$ C.L.。

9. Baryon and Meson Excited Statesid:2410.11196:id在线阅读
L. David Roper (VPI), Igor Strakovsky (GWU)
The masses of eight baryon sets and nine meson sets of three or more equal-quantum excited states are fitted by a simple two-parameter logarithm function, M(n) = a Ln(n) + b, where $n$ is the order of excitation. The conjecture is made that accurately measured masses of all equal-quantum baryon and meson excited states would be related by the logarithm function used here; at least for the mass range of currently known excited states.
八个重子组和九个介子组的三个或更多等量子激发态的质量是由一个简单的双参数对数函数 M(n) = a Ln(n) + b 拟合的，其中 $n$ 是激发态的阶数。据此推测，所有等量重子和介子激发态的精确测量质量都与这里使用的对数函数有关；至少在目前已知的激发态质量范围内是如此。

10. Experimental Road to a Charming Family of Tetraquarks ... and Beyondid:2410.11210:id在线阅读
Feng Zhu, Gerry Bauer, Kai Yi
Discovery of the X(3872) meson in 2003 ignited intense interest in exotic (neither $q\bar{q}$ nor $qqq$) hadrons, but a $c\bar{c}$ interpretation of this state was difficult to exclude. An unequivocal exotic was discovered in the $Z_c(3900)^+$ meson -- a charged charmonium-like state. A variety of models of exotic structure have been advanced but consensus is elusive. The grand lesson from heavy quarkonia was that heavy quarks bring clarity. Thus, the recently reported triplet of all-charm tetraquark candidates -- $X(6600)$, $X(6900)$, and $X(7100)$ -- decaying to $J/\psi\,J/\psi$ is a great boon, promising important insights. We review some history of exotics, chronicle the road to prospective all-charm tetraquarks, discuss in some detail the divergent modeling of $J/\psi\,J/\psi$ structures, and offer some inferences about them. These states form a Regge trajectory and appear to be a family of radial excitations. A reported, but unexplained, threshold excess could hint at a fourth family member. We close with a brief look at a step beyond: all-bottom tetraquarks.
2003年发现的X(3872)介子点燃了人们对奇异（既非$q\bar{q}$也非$qqq$）强子的浓厚兴趣，但很难排除对这种状态的$c\bar{c}$解释。在$Z_c(3900)^+$介子中发现了一种明确的奇异态--一种带电的类粲态。人们提出了各种各样的外来结构模型，但还没有达成共识。从重夸克态中得到的重要启示是，重夸克带来了清晰度。因此，最近报道的三重全粲四夸克候选体--$X(6600)$、$X(6900)$和$X(7100)$--衰变为$J/\psi\,J/\psi$是一个巨大的福音，有望带来重要的启示。我们回顾了一些外来态的历史，记录了通往前瞻性全粲四夸克的道路，详细讨论了$J/\psi\,J/\psi$结构的分歧建模，并提供了一些有关它们的推论。这些态形成了一个雷格轨迹，似乎是一个径向激发的家族。一个已报道但未解释的阈值过量可能暗示了第四个家族成员。最后，我们简要介绍一下更进一步的四夸克：全底夸克。

11. Implications of electromagnetic scale anomaly to QCD chiral phase transition in smaller quark mass regime: $T_{\mathrm{pc}}$ does not drop with eBid:2410.11360:id在线阅读
Yuanyuan Wang, Mamiya Kawaguchi, Shinya Matsuzaki, Akio Tomiya
The decrease of the chiral pseudocritical temperature $T_{\mathrm{pc}}$ with an applied strong magnetic field has been extensively investigated by various QCD low energy effective models and lattice QCD at physical point. We find that this decreasing feature may not hold in the case with a weak magnetic field and still depends on quark masses: when the quark masses get smaller, $T_{\mathrm{pc}}$ increases with the weak magnetic field. This happens due to the significant electromagnetic-scale anomaly contribution in the thermomagnetic medium. We demonstrate this salient feature by employing the Polyakov Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with 2+1 quark flavors including the electromagnetic-scale anomaly contribution. We observe a critical point in a sort of the Columbia plot, $(m_{0c}, m_{sc}) \simeq (3, 30) \mathrm{MeV}$ for the isospin symmetric up and down quark mass $m_0$ and the strange quark mass $m_s$, where $T_{\mathrm{pc}}$ decreases with the magnetic field if the quark masses are greater than those values, and increases with the magnetic field if the quark masses are less than them.
手性伪临界温度$T_{mathrm{pc}}$随外加强磁场而降低的现象已经被各种QCD低能有效模型和物理点的晶格QCD广泛研究。我们发现，这种递减特征在弱磁场情况下可能并不成立，而且仍然取决于夸克质量：当夸克质量变小时，$T_{m\athrm{pc}}$会随着弱磁场的作用而增加。这是因为热磁介质中存在大量电磁尺度的反常贡献。我们利用包含电磁尺度反常贡献的2+1夸克味的波利亚科夫-南布-若纳-拉西尼奥模型来证明这一显著特征。我们观察到一个临界点，即在等空对称的上下夸克质量$m_0$和奇异夸克质量$m_s$的哥伦比亚图中，$(m_{0c}, m_{sc}) \simeq (3, 30) \mathrm{MeV}$，其中，如果夸克质量大于这些值，$T_{/mathrm{pc}}$会随磁场减小；如果夸克质量小于这些值，$T_{/mathrm{pc}}$会随磁场增大。

12. Non-diagonal DVCS and transition GPDs: A unified framework for spinless hadron case $\gamma^* \pi \to \gamma \pi \pi$id:2410.11388:id在线阅读
Sangyeong Son, Kirill M. Semenov-Tian-Shansky
Hadron-to-two-hadron transition generalized parton distributions (GPDs) extend the concept of hadron-to-resonance transition GPDs and provide a unified description of non-diagonal hard exclusive reactions in the generalized Bjorken limit. We present the formalism for the case of spinless hadrons addressing the non-diagonal deeply virtual Compton scattering $\gamma^*\pi\to\gamma\pi\pi$ in terms of $\pi\to\pi\pi$ transition GPDs, which generalize GPDs for $\pi \to f_0, \, \rho, \, f_2, \, \cdots$ transitions. We work out the basic properties of $\pi\to\pi\pi$ transition GPDs and establish the soft pion theorems at the $2\pi$ production threshold. We construct the partial wave expansion of $\pi\to\pi\pi$ transition GPDs in the two-pion decay angles and employ the dispersive approach to constrain $\pi\to\pi\pi$ transition GPDs in terms of $\pi\pi$-scattering phases with help of the Omnès representation. We estimate the $e^-\pi^+ \to e^- \gamma \pi^+ \pi^0$ cross section in the kinematics of the JLab@12 GeV incorporating the isolated $\rho(770)$ resonance state and work out the angular distributions of the cross section, specifying the observables sensitive to the polarization states of the produced $\rho(770)$ resonance.
强子到双强子转变广义粒子分布（GPDs）扩展了强子到共振转变GPDs的概念，并在广义比约肯（Bjorken）极限中提供了对非对角硬排他性反应的统一描述。我们估计了JLab@12 GeV运动学中的$e^-\pi^+ \to e^- \gamma \pi^+ \pi^0$横截面，其中包含了孤立的$\rho(770)$共振态，并计算出了横截面的角分布，明确了对所产生的$\rho(770)$共振的极化态敏感的观测值。

13. Non-perturbative suppression of Chiral Effects in hot QGP for $\Lambda/\bar\Lambda$-hyperons spin polarization in heavy-ion collisionsid:2410.11472:id在线阅读
Ruslan A. Abramchuk
We review the calculation of suppression of Chiral Separational and Chiral Vortical Effects for strange quarks (which allegedly yield spin polarization of $\Lambda/\bar\Lambda$-hyperons in peripheral Heavy-Ion Collisions) by the non-perturbative interactions in hot deconfined QCD with the Field Correlator Method. The parameter range in the temperature-baryon density plane is expected to cover LHC-ALICE and RHIC-STAR data.
我们回顾了在热脱约束QCD中利用场相关器方法通过非微扰相互作用对奇异夸克的手性分离效应和手性涡旋效应（据称在外围重离子对撞中会产生$\Lambda/\bar\Lambda$-超子的自旋极化）的抑制计算。温度-重子密度平面的参数范围预计将涵盖 LHC-ALICE 和 RHIC-STAR 数据。

14. Monte Carlo results on the Collins asymmetries in $e^+e^-$ annihilationid:2410.11489:id在线阅读
A. Kerbizi, L. Lönnblad, A. Martin
The quark spin effects have been introduced in the Pythia 8 Monte Carlo event generator for the simulation of $e^+e^-$ annihilation by interfacing the generator with the StringSpinner package. The package allows to simulate quark spin effects in the string fragmentation routine of Pythia by using the string+${}^3P_0$ model, recently applied to the fragmentation of a string stretched between a quark-antiquark pair with correlated spin states. StringSpinner is used to carry out simulations of $e^+e^-$ annihilation at the center of mass energy of $10.6\,\rm{GeV}$. The Collins asymmetries are extracted from the simulated data for back-to-back pion pairs using both the thrust axis method and the hadronic plane method. The results are compared with the data from the BELLE and BABAR experiments, finding a satisfactory agreement.
通过将 Pythia 8 蒙特卡洛事件发生器与 StringSpinner 软件包连接，在 Pythia 8 蒙特卡洛事件发生器中引入了夸克自旋效应，用于模拟 $e^+e^-$ 的湮灭。该软件包允许使用弦+${}^3P_0$模型在Pythia的弦碎裂例程中模拟夸克自旋效应，该模型最近被应用于具有相关自旋态的夸克-反夸克对之间拉伸的弦的碎裂。StringSpinner用于模拟质心能量为$10.6\,\rm{GeV}$的$e^+e^-$湮灭。利用推力轴法和强子平面法，从背靠背先驱对的模拟数据中提取了柯林斯不对称现象。将结果与 BELLE 和 BABAR 实验的数据进行了比较，结果令人满意。

15. Constraints on neutrino-Majoron couplings using SN1987A dataid:2410.11517:id在线阅读
Pilar Iváñez-Ballesteros (APC, Paris), M. Cristina Volpe (APC, Paris)
Neutrino decay to a lighter neutrino and a massless (pseudo)scalar Goldstone boson remains of wide interest, as in the search for ultralight dark matter or of neutrinoless double beta-decay, and for its implications in astrophysics and cosmology. Neutrino interactions with Majorons can affect the dynamics of supernovae and impact the emitted neutrino flux. Using a three-neutrino framework and detailed supernova simulations, we perform the first likelihood analysis of the 24 neutrino events from SN1987A, including nonradiative decay in matter to a massless (pseudo)scalar boson like a Majoron. Focusing on the induced spectral distortions, we present bounds on the neutrino-Majoron couplings, as a function of the lightest neutrino mass, that are either complementary or competitive with current ones.
中微子衰变为较轻的中微子和无质量（伪）标量金石玻色子，这在寻找超轻暗物质或无中微子双β衰变中，以及在天体物理学和宇宙学中的影响，仍然具有广泛的意义。中微子与马约拉子的相互作用会影响超新星的动力学，并影响发射的中微子通量。利用三中微子框架和详细的超新星模拟，我们首次对来自SN1987A的24个中微子事件进行了似然分析，包括物质中的非辐射衰变到无质量（伪）标量玻色子（如Majoron）。我们重点研究了诱发的光谱畸变，提出了中微子-马约子耦合的边界，作为最轻中微子质量的函数，与当前的边界互补或竞争。

16. Renormalization group running effects in $pp \to t\bar{t}h$ in the SMEFTid:2410.11529:id在线阅读
Stefano Di Noi
We analyze the effects of renormalization group running of the Wilson coefficients in the SMEFT in the context of single Higgs production in association with a top-antitop pair. In particular, we analyze the differential cross section with respect to the Higgs trasnverse momentum. We extend the usual ${O}({\alpha_s})$ analysis including also the top Yukawa running effects, whose impact can be significant when large Wilson coefficients are considered. We employ a dynamical and a fixed renormalization scale with different set-ups for the Wilson coefficients, defined at the TeV scale. Additionally, we comment on the accuracy of the widely-used first leading-logarithm approximation.
我们分析了 SMEFT 中威尔逊系数的重正化群运行在单希格斯粒子产生与顶-反顶对相关联的背景下所产生的影响。特别是，我们分析了与希格斯三反动量有关的差分截面。我们扩展了通常的${O}({\alpha_s})$分析，其中也包括顶层汤川运行效应，当考虑大的威尔逊系数时，汤川运行效应的影响可能会很大。我们采用了动态的和固定的重正化尺度，对威尔逊系数进行了不同的设置，定义在TeV尺度上。此外，我们还对广泛使用的第一前导对数近似的准确性进行了评论。

17. Frequency shifts induced by light scalar fieldsid:2410.11567:id在线阅读
Christian Käding
Light scalar fields are frequently used in modern physics, for example, as candidates for dark energy or dark matter. Open quantum dynamical effects, like frequency shifts, induced by such fields in probe particles used in interferometry experiments might open up new perspectives for constraining such models. In this article, we consider a probe scalar particle as a rough approximation for an atom in matter wave interferometry and discuss the frequency shifts induced by interactions with an environment comprising either one of two screened scalar field models: chameleons or symmetrons. For the $n=-4$ chameleon, we revise a previously obtained expression for the induced frequency shift, but confirm that it can likely not be used to obtain new constraints. However, for symmetrons, we find that induced frequency shifts have the potential to tightly constrain previously unreachable parts of the parameter space.
现代物理学中经常使用轻标量场，例如作为暗能量或暗物质的候选场。在干涉测量实验中使用的探测粒子中，由此类场诱发的开放量子动力学效应（如频率偏移）可能为约束此类模型开辟新的视角。在这篇文章中，我们将探测标量粒子视为物质波干涉测量中原子的粗略近似，并讨论了与由两种屏蔽标量场模型（变色龙或对称电子）之一组成的环境相互作用所诱发的频移。对于 $n=-4$ 变色龙，我们修改了之前获得的诱导频移表达式，但证实它可能无法用于获得新的约束条件。然而，对于对称电子，我们发现诱导频移有可能严格约束参数空间中以前无法达到的部分。

18. Double parton distributions of the proton from basis light-front quantizationid:2410.11574:id在线阅读
Tian-Cai Peng, Zhi Hu, Sreeraj Nair, Siqi Xu, Xiang Liu, Chandan Mondal, Xingbo Zhao, James P. Vary
Within the basis light-front quantization framework, we systematically investigate the unpolarized and longitudinally polarized double parton distributions (DPDs) of quarks inside the proton. We utilize the light-front wave functions of the proton derived in the valence sector from a Hamiltonian quantized on the light-front. The interaction terms of the Hamiltonian consist of a one-gluon exchange interaction at fixed coupling and a three-dimensional confinement potential. Our current analysis yields significant correlations of the quarks' longitudinal momenta with their transverse separation. We also demonstrate that our calculations do not support the commonly used $x-\vec{k}_\perp$ factorization of the DPDs in $x$ and $k_\perp$. Our results are qualitatively consistent with those of other phenomenological models.
在基础光前量子化框架内，我们系统地研究了质子内部夸克的非极化和纵向极化双偏子分布（DPDs）。我们利用质子的光前波函数，从光前量子化的哈密尔顿中推导出价电子部门。哈密顿的相互作用项包括固定耦合下的一胶子交换相互作用和三维约束势。我们目前的分析结果表明，夸克的纵向力矩与它们的横向分离存在显著的相关性。我们还证明，我们的计算并不支持常用的以$x$和$k_\perp$对DPD进行$x-\vec{k}\perp$因式分解。我们的结果与其他现象学模型的结果在质量上是一致的。

19. Hadron-quark hybrid model, modular transformation and Roberge-Weiss transitionid:2410.11598:id在线阅读
Hiroaki Kouno, Riki Oshima, Motoi Tachibana, Kouji Kashiwa
In the framework of modular transformations, we reformulate the recently proposed hadron-quark hybrid model when the imaginary baryonic chemical potential is introduced. As a result, we can consider the torus, which is characterized by the complex number densities of baryons (antibaryons) and quarks (antiquarks). We apply this model to analyze the Roberge-Weiss transition. It is shown that the torus vanishes at the baryonic chemical potential where the Roberge-Weiss transition appears because the number density of baryons (antibaryons) is not linearly independent of the number density of quarks (antiquarks). When the temperature T is lower than the Roberge-Weiss transition temperature TRW, the torus shrinks smoothly to the one-dimensional object at the Roberge-Weiss transition point, but the discontinuity does not appear. On the other hand, the discontinuity of the geometrical object appears when T>TRW. We also calculate the modulus of the torus and transform it into the fundamental region. The transformed moduli are symmetric below TRW, but the symmetry is broken above TRW.
在模块变换的框架内，当引入虚重子化学势时，我们对最近提出的强子-夸克混合模型进行了重新表述。因此，我们可以考虑以重子（反重子）和夸克（反夸克）的复数密度为特征的环。我们运用这一模型来分析罗伯日-魏斯转换。结果表明，由于重子（反重子）的数量密度与夸克（反夸克）的数量密度不是线性独立的，因此在出现罗伯茨-韦斯转变的重子化学势处，环消失了。当温度 T 低于罗伯茨-韦斯转换温度 TRW 时，环会平滑地收缩到罗伯茨-韦斯转换点的一维物体，但不连续性不会出现。另一方面，当 T>TRW 时，几何物体的不连续性出现。我们还计算了环的模量，并将其变换到基本区域。变换后的模量在 TRW 以下是对称的，但在 TRW 以上对称性被打破。

20. Large $N$-point energy correlator in the collinear limitid:2410.11614:id在线阅读
Lin Dai, Chul Kim, Adam K. Leibovich
For the $N$-point energy correlator in the collinear limit, the largest projected angle $R$ in the large $N$ limit can be viewed as the radius of the jet that encompasses all the collinear core particles, while contributions from soft gluons to the radius are suppressed. We relate the $N$-point energy correlator in the large $N$ limit to the moments of the fragmentation functions to a jet, and, using previous work, we compare the difference between jets initiated by heavy quarks and light quarks. This comparison reveals the deadcone effect.
对于对偶极限中的$N$点能量相关器，大$N$极限中的最大投影角$R$可以看作是包含所有对偶核心粒子的喷流半径，而软胶子对半径的贡献被抑制了。我们将大 $N$ 限度下的 $N$ 点能量相关器与射流的碎裂函数矩联系起来，并利用以前的工作，比较了重夸克和轻夸克引发的射流之间的差异。这种比较揭示了死锥效应。

21. The effect of multiple extra dimensions on the maximal mass of compact stars in Kaluza-Klein space-timeid:2410.10920:id在线阅读
Anna Horváth, Emese Forgács-Dajka, Gergely Gábor Barnaföldi
Compact stars in the Kaluza-Klein space-time are investigated, with multiple additional compactified spatial dimensions ($d$). Within the extended phenomenological model, a static, spherically symmetric solution is considered, with the equation of state provided by a zero temperature, interacting multi-dimensional Fermi gas. The maximal masses of compact stars are calculated for different model parameters. We investigated the effect of the existence of multiple extra compactified dimensions within the Kaluza-Klein compact star structure. We found that the number of extra dimensions plays a similar role, and to a similar order, as the excitation number: increasing their number, $d$, reduces the maximal mass by a few percent.
研究了卡卢扎-克莱因时空中的紧凑恒星，以及多个额外的紧凑空间维度（$d$）。在扩展的现象学模型中，考虑了静态球对称解，其状态方程由零温度、相互作用的多维费米气体提供。计算了不同模型参数下紧凑恒星的最大质量。我们研究了卡卢扎-克莱因紧凑星结构中存在多个额外紧凑维度的影响。我们发现额外维度的数量与激发数的作用类似，而且数量级也类似：增加额外维度的数量（$d$）会使最大质量降低几个百分点。

22. Gamma-ray bursts and kilonovae from the accretion-induced collapse of white dwarfsid:2410.10938:id在线阅读
Patrick Chi-Kit Cheong, Tetyana Pitik, Luís Felipe Longo Micchi, David Radice
We present the first seconds-long multidimensional general relativistic neutrino magnetohydrodynamic simulations of accretion-induced collapse (AIC) in rapidly rotating, magnetized white dwarfs (WDs). Our findings show that, with sufficiently strong initial magnetic fields and rotation, these systems can generate relativistic jets and neutron-rich outflows with properties consistent with long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) accompanied by kilonovae, such as GRB 211211A and GRB 230703A. Notably, our models reproduce the power and duration of these LGRBs and the associated kilonovae without the need for tuning parameters. Additionally, our results suggest that the AIC of WDs could be an important site of the production for heavy $r$-process elements.
我们首次对快速旋转的磁化白矮星（WDs）中的吸积诱发坍缩（AIC）进行了长达数秒的广义相对论中微子磁流体力学模拟。我们的研究结果表明，在足够强的初始磁场和旋转条件下，这些系统可以产生相对论喷流和富中子外流，其性质与伴有千新星的长伽马射线暴（LGRB）（如 GRB 211211A 和 GRB 230703A）相一致。值得注意的是，我们的模型重现了这些长伽玛射线暴的功率和持续时间以及相关的千新星，而不需要调谐参数。此外，我们的结果表明，WDs的AIC可能是产生重$r$过程元素的一个重要场所。

23. Disclosing the catalog pulsars dominating the Galactic positron fluxid:2410.10951:id在线阅读
Luca Orusa, Silvia Manconi, Fiorenza Donato, Mattia Di Mauro
The cosmic-ray flux of positrons is measured with high precision by the space-borne particle spectrometer AMS-02. The hypothesis that pulsars and their nebulae can significantly contribute to the excess of the AMS-02 positron flux has been consolidated after the observation of a $\gamma$-ray emission at GeV and TeV energies of a few degree size around a few sources, that provide indirect evidence that electron and positron pairs are accelerated to very high energies from these sources. By modeling the emission from pulsars in the ATNF catalog, we find that combinations of positron emission from cataloged pulsars and secondary production can fit the observed AMS-02 data. Our results show that a small number of nearby, middle-aged pulsars, particularly B1055-52, Geminga (J0633+1746), and Monogem (B0656+14), dominate the positron emission, contributing up to 80\% of the flux at energies above 100 GeV. From the fit to the data, we obtain a list of the most important sources for which we recommend multi-wavelength follow-up observations, particularly in the $\gamma$-ray and X-ray bands, to further constrain the injection and diffusion properties of positrons.
正电子的宇宙射线通量是由空间粒子光谱仪 AMS-02 高精度测量的。在观测到少数几个源周围几度大小的伽马射线在 GeV 和 TeV 能量下的发射后，脉冲星及其星云对 AMS-02 正电子通量的过量有很大贡献的假设得到了证实，这提供了间接证据，证明电子和正电子对从这些源被加速到了非常高的能量。通过对 ATNF 星表中脉冲星的发射进行建模，我们发现来自星表中脉冲星的正电子发射和二次产生的组合能够与观测到的 AMS-02 数据相匹配。我们的结果表明，少数邻近的中年脉冲星，特别是B1055-52、Geminga (J0633+1746)和Monogem (B0656+14)，在正电子发射中占主导地位，在能量高于100 GeV时贡献了高达80%的通量。通过对数据的拟合，我们得到了一份最重要的源清单，建议对这些源进行多波长跟踪观测，特别是在γ射线和X射线波段，以进一步约束正电子的注入和扩散特性。

24. Black Holes in a Gravitational Field: The Non-linear Static Love Number of Schwarzschild Black Holes Vanishesid:2410.11014:id在线阅读
Alex Kehagias, Antonio Riotto
We show that the static tidal Love number of Schwarzschild black holes in four dimensions and in the vacuum vanishes at any order in the external tidal force. We also identify the underlying non-linear symmetry which is responsible for this result and becomes manifest when the black hole metric is written in axsymmetric static Weyl coordinates.
我们证明了在四维空间和真空中，施瓦兹柴尔德黑洞的静态潮汐爱数在外部潮汐力的任意阶上都会消失。我们还确定了导致这一结果的基本非线性对称性，当黑洞度量用轴对称静态韦尔坐标书写时，这种对称性就会显现出来。

25. A Minimal Axio-dilaton Dark Sectorid:2410.11099:id在线阅读
Adam Smith, Maria Mylova, Philippe Brax, Carsten van de Bruck, C.P. Burgess, Anne-Christine Davis
In scalar-tensor theories it is the two-derivative sigma-model interactions that like to compete at low energies with the two-derivative interactions of General Relativity (GR) $\unicode{x2014}$ at least once the dangerous zero-derivative terms of the scalar potential are suppressed (such as by a shift symmetry). But nontrivial two-derivative interactions require at least two scalars to exist and so never arise in the single-scalar models most commonly explored. Axio-dilaton models provide a well-motivated minimal class of models for which these self-interactions can be explored. We review this class of models and investigate whether these minimal two fields can suffice to describe both Dark Matter and Dark Energy. We find that they can $\unicode{x2014}$ the axion is the Dark Matter and the dilaton is the Dark Energy $\unicode{x2014}$ and that they robustly predict several new phenomena for the CMB and structure formation that can be sought in observations. These include specific types of Dark Energy evolution and small space- and time-dependent changes to particle masses post-recombination that alter the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect, cause small changes to structure growth and more.
在标量张量理论中，一旦标量势的危险零衍生项被抑制（比如通过移位对称性），在低能时喜欢与广义相对论（GR）$unicode{x2014}$的二衍生相互作用竞争的就是二衍生西格玛模型相互作用。但是，非rivial双衍相互作用至少需要两个标量存在，因此在最常探索的单标量模型中从未出现过。轴二拉顿模型提供了一类动机明确的最小模型，可以探索这些自相互作用。我们回顾了这一类模型，并研究了这两个最小场是否足以同时描述暗物质和暗能量。我们发现它们可以：轴子是暗物质，稀释子是暗能量。这些现象包括特定类型的暗能量演化，以及粒子质量在重新组合后随空间和时间发生的微小变化，这些变化会改变萨克斯-沃尔夫综合效应，导致结构增长发生微小变化等等。

26. Spectrum of high-frequency gravitational waves from graviton bremsstrahlung by the decay of inflaton: case with polynomial potentialid:2410.11175:id在线阅读
Yiheng Jiang, Teruaki Suyama
We study the generation of high-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) through graviton bremsstrahlung during the decay of inflaton in the post-inflationary universe, focusing on scenarios with a polynomial inflaton potential. Two main reheating channels are considered: decays into bosons (spin 0) and fermions (spin $\frac{1}{2}$). We compute the resulting GW spectra from three-body decays, where the inflaton decays into a pair of daughter particles and a graviton. We numerically compute the GW spectra for various polynomial exponents by employing two distinct approaches: one treating the inflaton as a collection of rest particles and the other treating it as a coherently oscillating classical field. In the former approach, only gravitons with energies below half the inflaton mass are produced, while the latter allows for the production of gravitons with arbitrarily high energies when the potential exponent is 4 or greater. This difference arises because the inflaton's oscillations are no longer described by a single harmonic mode but instead consist of infinitely many harmonic modes with different frequencies. As a result, the GW spectrum exhibits multiple peaks, with these peaks being less pronounced for higher powers of the potential. We also examine the dependence of the GW spectrum on the coupling constant between the inflaton and daughter particles. Our findings suggest that future GW detectors targeting GWs in the GHz band, such as resonant cavities, may have the capability to detect these signals, offering potential insights into the reheating phase of the early universe.
我们研究了胀大后宇宙中膨胀子衰变过程中通过引力子轫致辐射产生的高频引力波（GWs），重点是具有多项式膨胀子势的情况。我们考虑了两种主要的再热通道：玻色子（自旋 0）和费米子（自旋 $\frac{1}{2}$）的衰变。我们计算了三体衰变产生的 GW 光谱，在三体衰变中，流入子衰变为一对子粒子和一个引力子。我们采用两种不同的方法数值计算了各种多项式指数的 GW 光谱：一种方法是把膨胀子当作静止粒子的集合，另一种方法是把它当作相干振荡的经典场。在前一种方法中，只产生能量低于流入子质量一半的引力子，而后一种方法允许在势指数为 4 或更大时产生任意高能量的引力子。产生这种差异的原因是，膨胀子的振荡不再由单一的谐波模式来描述，而是由无限多个频率不同的谐波模式组成。因此，GW 频谱呈现出多个峰值，这些峰值在势能幂越大时越不明显。我们还研究了GW谱对流入粒子和子粒子之间耦合常数的依赖性。我们的研究结果表明，未来以 GHz 波段的 GW 为目标的 GW 探测器（如谐振腔）可能有能力探测到这些信号，从而为了解早期宇宙的再加热阶段提供了可能。

27. Towards a classification of UV completable Higgs inflation in metric-affine gravityid:2410.11277:id在线阅读
Yusuke Mikura, Yuichiro Tada
Towards a classification of UV completable Higgs inflation in the framework of parity-even metric-affine gravity, we investigate the particle spectrum of a deformed theory in the large-$N$ limit. In a simple Higgs inflation model in metric-affine gravity, it is known that its UV cutoff is much smaller than the Planck scale. While it calls for UV completion, a concrete example has not yet been found, even with the large-$N$ limit known as a successful technique to complete an original Higgs inflation defined on the Riemannian geometry. This motivates us to study how small deformation of the simple Higgs inflation affects the emergence and properties of dynamical fields particularly in the large-$N$ limit. As a UV theory has to be free of ghosts or tachyons at least around Minkowski space, we perform the parameter search and find the healthy parameter region where a new heavy particle can propagate without these pathologies.
为了在奇偶校验度量-非线性引力框架内对可紫外补全的希格斯膨胀进行分类，我们研究了大-N$极限下变形理论的粒子谱。众所周知，在度量-非线性引力中的简单希格斯膨胀模型中，其紫外截止值远小于普朗克尺度。虽然它要求完成 UV，但还没有找到一个具体的例子，即使大-N$极限是完成定义在黎曼几何上的原始希格斯膨胀的成功技术。这促使我们研究简单希格斯膨胀的微小变形如何影响动力学场的出现和特性，尤其是在大-N$极限下。由于 UV 理论必须至少在闵科夫斯基空间附近不存在幽灵或超速子，我们进行了参数搜索，找到了新的重粒子可以在没有这些病理现象的情况下传播的健康参数区域。

28. Progress on the spectroscopy of lattice gauge theories using spectral densitiesid:2410.11386:id在线阅读
Ed Bennett, Luigi Del Debbio, Niccol`o Forzano, Ryan C. Hill, Deog Ki Hong, Ho Hsiao, Jong-Wan Lee, C.-J. David Lin, Biagio Lucini, Alessandro Lupo, Maurizio Piai, Davide Vadacchino, Fabian Zierler
Spectral densities encode non-perturbative information crucial in computing physical observables in strongly coupled field theories. Using lattice gauge theory data, we perform a systematic study to demonstrate the potential of recent technological advances in the reconstruction of spectral densities. We develop, maintain and make publicly available dedicated analysis code that can be used for broad classes of lattice theories. As a test case, we analyse the Sp(4) gauge theory coupled to an admixture of fermions transforming in the fundamental and two-index antisymmetric representations. We measure the masses of mesons in energy-smeared spectral densities, after optimising the smearing parameters for available lattice ensembles. We present a summary of the mesons mass spectrum in all the twelve (flavored) channels available, including also several excited states.
谱密度编码的非微扰信息对计算强耦合场论中的物理观测值至关重要。利用格规理论数据，我们进行了一项系统研究，以展示近期技术进步在重建谱密度方面的潜力。我们开发、维护并公开了专用分析代码，可用于多种类型的格理论。作为一个测试案例，我们分析了与在基本和双指数反不对称表示中变换的费米子混合耦合的 Sp(4) 规规理论。我们在优化了可用晶格集合的涂抹参数之后，测量了介子在能量涂抹谱密度中的质量。我们总结了介子在所有十二种（调味）通道中的质量谱，其中还包括几种激发态。

29. Quark Gas at High Temperature: Finite-Volume Effectsid:2410.11393:id在线阅读
R.N. Rogalyov, N.V. Gerasimeniuk, A.A. Korneev
It is shown that the textbook formula for the pressure of free massless fermions leads to negative values of the probability mass function of the distribution of the system of free massless fermions in the fermion number. The ways to resolve this paradox are proposed. A detailed analysis of the corresponding partition function indicates the presence of a Roberge-Weiss transition in the absence of strong interactions.
研究表明，无质量自由费米子压力的教科书公式导致费米子数中无质量自由费米子系统分布的概率质量函数为负值。提出了解决这一悖论的方法。对相应分配函数的详细分析表明，在没有强相互作用的情况下，存在罗伯格-魏斯转变。

30. Progress on pseudoscalar flavour-singlets in Sp(4) with mixed fermion representationsid:2410.11412:id在线阅读
Fabian Zierler, Ed Bennett, Niccolò Forzano, Deog Ki Hong, Ho Hsiao, Jong-Wan Lee, C.-J. David Lin, Biagio Lucini, Maurizio Piai, Davide Vadacchino
We measure the masses of the pseudoscalar flavour-singlet meson states in the $Sp(4)$ gauge theory coupled to two Dirac fermions transforming in the fundamental representation and three Dirac fermions in the antisymmetric representation. This theory provides a compelling ultraviolet completion for the minimal composite Higgs model implementing also partial compositeness for the top quark. The spectrum contains two, comparatively light, pseudoscalar flavour-singlet states, which mix with one another. One of them is a Nambu-Goldstone boson (in the massless limit), whereas the other receives a mass from the $U(1)_A$ axial anomaly. We demonstrate how to measure the mixing between these two states. For moderately heavy fermion masses, we find that the two wave functions are dominated by one of the fermion representations, mixing effects being small.
我们测量了$Sp(4)$规理论中与两个在基本表示中变换的狄拉克费米子和三个在非对称表示中变换的狄拉克费米子耦合的伪标量味-小介子态的质量。这一理论为最小复合希格斯模型提供了一个令人信服的紫外完备性，同时也实现了顶夸克的部分复合性。频谱包含两个相对较轻的伪标量子味态，它们相互混合。其中一个是南布-金石玻色子（无质量极限），而另一个则从 $U(1)_A$ 轴向反常中获得质量。我们演示了如何测量这两种状态之间的混合。对于中等重的费米子质量，我们发现这两种波函数由其中一种费米子表征所主导，混合效应很小。

31. Novel Search for Light Dark Photon in the Forward Experiments at the LHCid:2307.08610:id在线阅读
Yeong Gyun Kim, Kang Young Lee, Soo-hyeon Nam
We propose a novel approach for discovering a light dark photon in the forward experiments at the LHC, including the SND@LHC and the FASER experiments. Assuming the dark photon is lighter than twice the electron mass and feebly interacts with ordinary matter, it is long-lived enough to pass through 100 m of rock in front of the forward experiments and also through the detector targets. However, some portion of them could be converted into an electron-positron pair inside the detector through their interaction with the detector target, leaving an isolated electromagnetic shower as a clear new physics signature of the dark photon. With copiously produced dark photons from neutral pion decays in the forward region of the LHC, we expect to observe sizable events inside the detector. Our estimation shows that more than 10 signal events of the dark photon could be observed in the range of kinetic mixing parameter, $6.2\times10^{-5} \lesssim \epsilon \lesssim 2\times10^{-1}$ and $3\times10^{-5} \lesssim \epsilon \lesssim 2\times10^{-1}$ for dark photon mass $m_{A^\prime} \lesssim$ 1 MeV with integrated luminosities of 150 fb$^{-1}$ and 3 ab$^{-1}$, respectively.
我们提出了一种在大型强子对撞机正向实验（包括 SND@LHC 和 FASER 实验）中发现轻暗光子的新方法。假设暗光子的质量比电子质量的两倍还轻，并且与普通物质的相互作用微弱，那么它的寿命足以穿过前向实验前方100米的岩石，也足以穿过探测器目标。但是，其中的一部分可以通过与探测器靶的相互作用在探测器内转化为电子-正电子对，留下孤立的电磁波雨，作为暗光子的一个明显的新物理特征。在大型强子对撞机的前向区域，中性先驱衰变产生了大量的暗光子，我们期待在探测器内观测到相当大的事件。我们的估计显示，在动力学混合参量为6.2\times10^{-5}美元的范围内，可以观测到10个以上的暗光子信号事件。\2（times10^{-1}）美元和3（times10^{-5）美元\对于暗光子质量为 $m_{A^\prime}\lesssim$ 1 MeV，综合光度分别为 150 fb$^{-1}$ 和 3 ab$^{-1}$。

32. Spectrum of global string networks and the axion dark matter massid:2401.17253:id在线阅读
Ken'ichi Saikawa, Javier Redondo, Alejandro Vaquero, Mathieu Kaltschmidt
Cold dark matter axions produced in the post-inflationary Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking scenario serve as clear targets for their experimental detection, since it is in principle possible to give a sharp prediction for their mass once we understand precisely how they are produced from the decay of global cosmic strings in the early Universe. In this paper, we perform a dedicated analysis of the spectrum of axions radiated from strings based on large scale numerical simulations of the cosmological evolution of the Peccei-Quinn field on a static lattice. Making full use of the massively parallel code and computing resources, we executed the simulations with up to $11264^3$ lattice sites, which allows us to improve our understanding of the dependence on the parameter controlling the string tension and thus give a more accurate extrapolation of the numerical results. We found that there are several systematic effects that have been overlooked in previous works, such as the dependence on the initial conditions, contaminations due to oscillations in the spectrum, and discretisation effects, some of which could explain the discrepancy in the literature. We confirmed the trend that the spectral index of the axion emission spectrum increases with the string tension, but did not find a clear evidence of whether it continues to increase or saturates to a constant at larger values of the string tension due to the severe discretisation effects. Taking this uncertainty into account and performing the extrapolation with a simple power law assumption on the spectrum, we find that the dark matter mass is predicted in the range of $m_a \approx 95$-$450\,\mu\mathrm{eV}$.
在胀大后佩奇-奎恩对称破缺情景中产生的冷暗物质轴子是其实验探测的明确目标，因为一旦我们精确地了解了它们是如何从早期宇宙中的全局宇宙弦衰变中产生的，原则上就有可能对它们的质量给出一个清晰的预测。在本文中，我们基于静态晶格上佩奇-奎因场宇宙学演化的大规模数值模拟，对弦辐射出的轴子谱进行了专门分析。我们充分利用大规模并行代码和计算资源，执行了多达11264^3$晶格位点的模拟，这使我们能够更好地理解控制弦张力的参数的依赖性，从而对数值结果进行更精确的推断。我们发现之前的研究忽略了一些系统性效应，例如对初始条件的依赖、频谱振荡造成的污染以及离散化效应，其中一些可以解释文献中的差异。我们证实了轴子发射光谱的光谱指数随弦张力增大而增大的趋势，但由于严重的离散化效应，我们并没有找到明确的证据证明在弦张力较大时，轴子发射光谱的光谱指数是继续增大还是饱和成一个常数。考虑到这种不确定性，并在对光谱进行简单幂律假设的情况下进行外推，我们发现暗物质质量的预测范围是$m_a （约95$-450$,\mu\mathrm{eV}$）。

33. Transition of dimuonium through foilid:2405.04460:id在线阅读
Abdaljalel Alizzi, Artem Uskov, Zurab K. Silagadze
This article presents a study of the passage of dimuonium through the foil of ordinary matter. First, we provide an overview of how dimuonium is planned to be produced for such a type of experiment and how it is expected to interact with the ordinary atoms -- predominantly electromagnetically via the screened coulomb potential of the atomic nuclei. Then, we describe the transport equations that represent the evolution of dimuonium states during the passage and their solution methods. Finally, for three different foils (Beryllium, Aluminium and Lead), we present the results of this study. To estimate impact of uncertainties in the potential of a target atom, we study 15 different approximations of the atomic potential and show that the corresponding atomic-potential-model-dependent error in the yields of the low lying states of dimuonium is quite small within the framework of the applied Born approximation. The convergence of the results after truncation of the infinite system of transport equations to the finite number of quantum states of dimuonium is also studied, and good convergence for the yields of low-lying states is demonstrated.
本文介绍了一项关于二铵穿过普通物质箔的研究。首先，我们概述了计划如何为此类实验生产二铵，以及预计二铵如何与普通原子发生相互作用--主要是通过原子核的屏蔽库仑势发生电磁作用。然后，我们描述了表示二铵状态在通过过程中演变的传输方程及其求解方法。最后，我们介绍了针对三种不同金属箔（铍、铝和铅）的研究结果。为了估算靶原子势的不确定性的影响，我们研究了 15 种不同的原子势近似值，结果表明，在应用博恩近似值的框架内，与原子势模型有关的相应误差在二铵低洼态的产率上是相当小的。我们还研究了将无限传输方程系统截断为有限数量的二铵量子态后结果的收敛性，并证明了低洼态产率的良好收敛性。

34. Model-independent extrapolation of MUonE data with Pad\'e and D-Log approximantsid:2405.13638:id在线阅读
Diogo Boito, Cristiane Y. London, Pere Masjuan, Camilo Rojas
The MUonE experiment is designed to extract the hadronic contribution to the electromagnetic coupling in the space-like region, $\Delta \alpha_{\rm had}(t)$, from elastic $e\mu$ scattering. The leading order hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon $g-2$, $a_\mu^{\mathrm{HVP, \,LO}}$, can then be obtained from a weighted integral over $\Delta \alpha_{\rm had}(t)$. This, however, requires knowledge of $\Delta \alpha_{\rm had}(t)$ in the whole domain of integration, which cannot be achieved by experiment. In this work, we propose to use Padé and D-Log Padé approximants as a systematic and model-independent method to fit and reliably extrapolate the future MUonE experimental data, extracting $a_\mu^{\mathrm{HVP,\,LO}}$ with a conservative but competitive uncertainty, using no, or very limited, external information. The method relies on fundamental analytic properties of the two-point correlator underlying $a_\mu^{\mathrm{HVP,\,LO}}$ and provides lower and upper bounds for the result for $a_\mu^{\mathrm{HVP,\,LO}}$. We demonstrate the reliability of the method using toy data sets generated from a model for $\Delta \alpha_{\rm had}(t)$ reflecting the expected statistics of the MUonE experiment.
MUonE实验旨在从弹性$e\mu$散射中提取类空间区域的强子对电磁耦合的贡献，即$\Delta \alpha_\rm had}(t)$ 。然后就可以通过对 $\Delta \alpha_{\rm had}(t)$ 的加权积分，得到对μ介子 $g-2$ 的前导阶强子真空极化贡献，即 $a_\mu^\{mathrm{HVP,\,LO}}$。然而，这需要了解整个积分域中的 $\Delta \alpha_{\rm had}(t)$，而这是无法通过实验实现的。在这项工作中，我们提出使用帕代和 D-Log 帕代近似值作为一种系统的、与模型无关的方法，来拟合和可靠地推断未来的 MUonE 实验数据，在不使用或使用非常有限的外部信息的情况下，提取出具有保守但有竞争力的不确定性的 $a_\mu^{\mathrm{HVP,\,LO}}$。该方法依赖于$a_\mu^{mathrm{HVP,\,LO}}$底层两点相关器的基本分析特性，并为$a_\mu^{mathrm{HVP,\,LO}}$的结果提供了下限和上限。我们使用由 $\Delta \alpha_{\rm had}(t)$ 模型生成的玩具数据集证明了该方法的可靠性，该模型反映了 MUonE 实验的预期统计数据。

35. Revisiting the decoupling limit of the Georgi-Machacek model with a scalar singletid:2405.18332:id在线阅读
Geneviève Bélanger, Juhi Dutta, Rohini M. Godbole, Sabine Kraml, Manimala Mitra, Rojalin Padhan, Abhishek Roy
We study the connection between collider and dark matter phenomenology in the singlet extension of the Georgi-Machacek model. In this framework, the singlet scalar serves as a suitable thermal dark matter (DM) candidate. Our focus lies on the region $v_{\chi}<1$ GeV, where $v_{\chi}$ is the common vacuum expectation value of the neutral components of the scalar triplets of the model. Setting bounds on the model parameters from theoretical, electroweak precision and LHC experimental constraints, we find that the BSM Higgs sector is highly constrained. Allowed values for the masses of the custodial fiveplets, triplets and singlet are restricted to the range $140~ {\rm GeV }< M_{H_5} < 350~ {\rm GeV }$, $150~ {\rm GeV }< M_{H_3} < 270 ~{\rm GeV }$ and $145~ {\rm GeV }< M_{H} < 300~ {\rm GeV }$. The extended scalar sector provides new channels for DM annihilation into BSM scalars that allow to satisfy the observed relic density constraint while being consistent with direct DM detection limits. The allowed region of the parameter space of the model can be explored in the upcoming DM detection experiments, both direct and indirect. In particular, the possible high values of BR$(H^0_5\to\gamma\gamma)$ can lead to an indirect DM signal within the reach of CTA. The same feature also provides the possibility of exploring the model at the High-Luminosity run of the LHC. In a simple cut-based analysis, we find that a signal of about $4\sigma$ significance can be achieved in final states with at least two photons for one of our benchmark points.
我们研究了格奥尔基-马查切克模型单子扩展中对撞机与暗物质现象学之间的联系。在这个框架中，单子标量是一个合适的热暗物质（DM）候选者。我们的研究重点是$v_{\chi}<1$ GeV区域，其中$v_{\chi}$是模型中标量三胞胎中性分量的共同真空期望值。根据理论、电弱精度和大型强子对撞机实验约束对模型参数设置约束，我们发现 BSM 希格斯部门受到高度约束。托管五子、三子和单子质量的允许值被限制在140~ {\rm GeV }< M_{H_5} < 350~ {\rm GeV }$、150~ {\rm GeV }< M_{H_3} < 270 ~{\rm GeV }$和145~ {\rm GeV }< M_{H} < 300~ {\rm GeV }$的范围内。扩展的标量扇区为DM湮灭到BSM标量提供了新的通道，从而可以满足观测到的遗迹密度约束，同时又与直接DM探测极限相一致。在即将进行的直接和间接DM探测实验中，可以探索模型参数空间的允许区域。特别是，BR$(H^0_5\to\gamma\gamma)$的可能高值可以导致CTA所能达到的间接DM信号。同样的特征也为在大型强子对撞机的高亮度运行中探索该模型提供了可能。在一个简单的基于剪切的分析中，我们发现在我们的一个基准点上，至少有两个光子的终态中可以获得一个意义约为$4\sigma$的信号。

36. Majorana phases beyond neutrinoless double beta decayid:2406.18647:id在线阅读
Avital Dery, Stefania Gori, Yuval Grossman, Zoltan Ligeti
The $\nu_M{\rm SM}$ is defined as the SM extended to include dimension-5 operators. In this model neutrino masses violate lepton number, and two parameters of the lepton mixing matrix, the Majorana phases, are yet to be constrained. One combination of these phases and the neutrino masses, often denoted by $m_{ee}$, is probed by neutrinoless double beta decays ($0\nu\beta\beta$). We explore what information may be obtained beyond $0\nu\beta\beta$, and how it depends on the lightest neutrino mass. We point out that with current central values of the mixing parameters, $\Delta L_e=2$ and $\Delta L_e=\Delta L_\mu = 1$ (or $\Delta L_e=2$ and $\Delta L_\mu = 2$) processes cannot simultaneously vanish, providing a no-lose theorem, in principle, for excluding the $\nu_M{\rm SM}$, even in the case of normal mass ordering.
$\nu_M\{rm SM}$被定义为SM扩展到包括维5算子。在这个模型中，中微子质量违反了轻子数，而轻子混合矩阵的两个参数--马约拉纳相位--尚待约束。这些相位和中微子质量的一个组合（通常用 $m_{ee}$表示）是通过无中微子双贝塔衰变（$0\nu\beta\beta$）来探测的。我们探讨了超出 $0\nu\beta\beta$ 的信息，以及这些信息如何取决于最轻中微子质量。我们指出，在当前的混合参数中心值下，$\Delta L_e=2$ 和 $\Delta L_e=\Delta L_\mu = 1$（或 $\Delta L_e=2$ 和 $\Delta L_\mu = 2$）过程不可能同时消失，这就为排除$\nu_M{\rm SM}$原则上提供了一个无损定理，即使在正常质量排序的情况下也是如此。

37. Gemini Dark Matterid:2407.01099:id在线阅读
Andrew Cheek, Yu-Cheng Qiu, Liang Tan
The $S_8/\sigma_8$ tension in the large scale structure can be explained by decaying dark matter with an almost degenerate spectrum and small enough decay width. Here we propose the Gemini dark matter model, which contains a heavy mother particle $\chi_3$ and two twins $\chi_{1/2}$ which are almost degenerate in mass and are produced at the same time. The dark sector is charged under the same Froggatt-Nielsen symmetry that can explain the hierarchy of the Standard model Yukawa couplings. The slightly heavier $\chi_2$ decays into $\chi_1$ and the axionic component of the flavon, which washes out the small scale structure and resolves $S_8/\sigma_8$ tension. We present the production mechanism of Gemini dark matter and viable parameter regions. We find that despite the preferred dark matter mass being $\mathcal{O}(1)$--$\mathcal{O}(100)$ keV, they constitute cold dark matter. The Gemini dark matter model predicts an abundance of dark radiation that will be probed in future measurements of the cosmic microwave background.
大尺度结构中的$S_8/\sigma_8$张力可以用衰变暗物质来解释，衰变暗物质具有几乎退化的频谱和足够小的衰变宽度。在这里，我们提出了双子座暗物质模型，它包含一个重母粒子$\chi_3$和两个孪生粒子$\chi_{1/2}$，它们的质量几乎是退化的，并且是同时产生的。暗部门在同样的弗罗加特-尼尔森对称性下带电，可以解释标准模型尤卡瓦耦合的层次结构。稍重一些的$\chi_2$衰变为$\chi_1$和黄子的轴向分量，从而冲洗出小尺度结构并解决了$S_8/\sigma_8$张力。我们提出了双子座暗物质的产生机制和可行的参数区域。我们发现，尽管首选暗物质质量为$\mathcal{O}(1)$--$\mathcal{O}(100)$ keV，但它们构成了冷暗物质。双子座暗物质模型预言了暗辐射的丰度，这将在未来的宇宙微波背景测量中得到探测。

38. Vector-like Quark Stabilised Higgs Inflation: Implications for Particle Phenomenology, Primordial Gravitational Waves and the Hubble Tensionid:2407.02399:id在线阅读
John McDonald
The Standard Model (SM) Higgs potential is likely to be metastable, in which case Higgs Inflation requires an extension of the SM to sufficiently stabilise the Higgs potential. Here we consider stabilisation by adding $n_{Q} \leq 3$ Vector-Like Quarks (VLQs) of mass $m_{Q}$. We consider isosinglet $T$ and $B$ vector quarks. Requiring stability of the finite temperature effective potential, we find that the upper bounds on $m_{Q}$ for $T$ quarks are 5.8 TeV (for $n_{Q} = 2$) and 55 TeV (for $n_{Q} = 3$). The upper bounds are generally smaller for $B$ vector quarks and are sensitive to the $t$-quark mass. The inflation predictions depend upon the conformal frame in which the model is renormalised. For renormalisation in the Einstein frame (Prescription I) the predictions are almost indistinguishable from the classical values: $n_s = 0.966$ and $r = 3.3 \times 10^{-3}$. Renormalisation in the Jordan frame (Prescription II) predicts larger values of $n_{s}$ and $r$, with $n_{s}$ generally in the range 0.980 to 0.990 and $r$ of the order of 0.01. The predicted range of $n_{s}$ is consistent with the CMB range obtained in Hubble tension solutions which modify the sound horizon at decoupling, whilst the predicted values of $r$ will be easily observable by forthcoming CMB experiments. The observational upper bound on $r$ generally imposes a stronger upper bound on $m_{Q}$ in Prescription II than the requirement of stability. We conclude that VLQ-stabilised Higgs Inflation with Prescription II renormalisation favours 1-10 TeV vector-like quarks that will be accessible to future colliders, and predicts a tensor-to-scalar ratio that will be observable in forthcoming CMB experiments and values of $n_{s}$ that favour an early-time solution to the Hubble tension.
标准模型（SM）的希格斯势很可能是易变的，在这种情况下，希格斯膨胀需要对SM进行扩展，以充分稳定希格斯势。在这里，我们考虑通过增加 $n_{Q}\leq 3$ 质量为$m_{Q}$的类向量夸克（VLQs）来实现稳定。我们考虑的是同源的 $T$ 和 $B$ 类矢量夸克。根据有限温度有效势能的稳定性要求，我们发现 $T$ 夸克的 $m_{Q}$ 上限分别为 5.8 TeV（对于 $n_{Q} = 2$）和 55 TeV（对于 $n_{Q} = 3$）。B$矢量夸克的上限一般较小，而且对$t$夸克质量很敏感。膨胀预测取决于模型重正化的共形框架。对于在爱因斯坦框架（处方I）中的重正则化，预测值与经典值几乎没有区别：$n_s = 0.966$和$r = 3.3 \times 10^{-3}$。约旦框架下的重正化（处方 II）预言了更大的 $n_{s}$ 和 $r$ 值，$n_{s}$ 一般在 0.980 到 0.990 之间，$r$ 为 0.01 数量级。预测的 $n_{s}$ 范围与哈勃张力解得到的 CMB 范围一致，哈勃张力解在去耦时改变了声平线，而预测的 $r$ 值将很容易被即将进行的 CMB 实验观测到。与稳定性要求相比，观测到的 $r$ 上限通常对处方 II 中的 $m_{Q}$ 施加了更强的上限。我们的结论是，VLQ稳定的希格斯膨胀与处方II重正化有利于未来对撞机可以获得的1-10 TeV矢量类夸克，并预言了即将进行的CMB实验可以观测到的张量与标量之比，以及有利于哈勃张力的早期时间解的$n_{s}$值。

39. Hunting for bileptons at hadron collidersid:2409.18440:id在线阅读
Gennaro Corcella
I review possible signals at hadron colliders of bileptons, namely doubly-charged vectors or scalars with lepton number L=+/- 2, as predicted by a 331 model, based on a SU(3)_c x SU(3)_L x U(1)_X symmetry. In particular, I account for a version of the 331 model, wherein the embedding of the hypercharge is obtained with the addition of 3 exotic quarks and vector bileptons. Furthermore, a sextet of SU(3)_L, necessary to give masses to leptons, yields an extra scalar sector, including a doubly-charged Higgs, i.e. scalar bileptons. As bileptons are mostly produced in pairs at hadron colliders, their main signal is given by two same-sign lepton pairs at high invariant mass. Nevertheless, they can also decay according to non-leptonic modes, such as a TeV-scale heavy quark, charged 4/3 or 5/3, plus a Standard Model quark. I explore both leptonic and non-leptonic decays and the sensitivity to such processes of present and future hadron colliders.
我回顾了在强子对撞机上可能出现的双轻子信号，即轻子数为 L=+/- 2 的双电荷矢量或标量，正如基于 SU(3)_c x SU(3)_L x U(1)_X 对称的 331 模型所预测的那样。我特别解释了331模型的一个版本，在这个版本中，超电荷的嵌入是通过增加3个奇异夸克和矢量双轻子获得的。此外，SU(3)_L 的六次方是赋予轻子质量的必要条件，它产生了一个额外的标量部门，包括一个双电荷希格斯粒子，即标量双轻子。由于双轻子在强子对撞机中大多是成对产生的，它们的主要信号由两个高不变质量的同符号轻子对给出。尽管如此，它们也可以按照非轻子模式衰变，比如一个TeV尺度的重夸克，带电4/3或5/3，再加上一个标准模型夸克。我将探讨轻子和非轻子衰变，以及现在和未来的强子对撞机对这些过程的敏感性。

40. On the orthogonal matrix in the Casas-Ibarra parametrization for the Yukawa interactions of Majorana neutrinosid:2410.03350:id在线阅读
Zhi-zhong Xing
The Casas-Ibarra (CI) parametrization of the Yukawa coupling matrix of Majorana neutrinos is generalized by considering the exact seesaw relation and including non-unitarity of the $3 \times 3$ Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) flavor mixing matrix. With the help of a full $6 \times 6$ Euler-like block description of the flavor structure for the seesaw mechanism, we find that the orthogonal matrix $\mathbb{O}$ in the CI parametrization can be expressed as $\mathbb{O}^{}_{ij} = \sqrt{M^{}_j/m^{}_i} \hspace{0.05cm} F^{}_{ij}$ with $m^{}_i$ and $M^{}_j$ being the masses of light and heavy Majorana neutrinos and $F^{}_{ij}$ consisting of the PMNS and active-sterile flavor mixing parameters (for $i, j = 1, 2, 3$). Assuming a specific pattern of $\mathbb{O}$ is therefore equivalent to imposing some special conditions on the seesaw parameter space.
卡萨斯-伊巴拉（CI）对马约拉纳中微子的尤卡瓦耦合矩阵的参数化是通过考虑精确的跷跷板关系和包括3美元乘3美元的庞特科沃-牧-中川-阪田（PMNS）味道混合矩阵的非单一性来概括的。在对跷跷板机制的味道结构进行完整的 $6 次 6$ 欧拉样块描述的帮助下，我们发现 CI 参数化中的正交矩阵 $\mathbb{O}$ 可以表示为 $\mathbb{O}^{}_{ij} = \sqrt{M^{}_j/m^{}_i} 。\hspace{0.05cm}F^{}_{ij}$中，$m^{}_i$和$M^{}_j$分别是轻重马约拉纳中微子的质量，$F^{}_{ij}$则由PMNS和活动-无源味道混合参数组成（对于$i, j = 1, 2, 3$）。因此，假设$\mathbb{O}$的特定模式就等于在跷跷板参数空间施加了一些特殊条件。

41. Mach's principle and dark matterid:2312.07597:id在线阅读
Joao Magueijo
In this paper we entertain a Machian setting where local physics is non-locally affected by the whole Universe, taking the liberty to identify the local (``Newton's bucket'') with our visible Universe, and the whole Universe (Mach's ``fixed stars'') with the global Universe beyond our horizon. Crucially, we allow for the two to have different properties, so that we are beyond the traditional FRW setting. For definiteness we focus on theories where non-locality arises from evolution in the laws of physics in terms of spatially global time variables dual to the constants of Nature. Since non-local theories are foliation-dependent, the {\it local} (but not the global) Hamiltonian constraint is lost. This is true not only while non-locality is taking place, but also after it ceases: the local Hamiltonian constraint is only recovered up to a constant in time, keeping a memory of the integrated past non-locality. We show that this integration constant is equivalent to preserving the local Hamiltonian constraint and adding an extra fluid with the same cosmological properties as conventional pressureless dark matter. The equivalence breaks down in terms of clustering properties, with the new component attracting other matter, but not budging from its location. This is the ultimate ``painted-on'' dark matter, attracting but not being attracted, and nailing down a preferred frame.
在本文中，我们采用了一种马赫式的设定，即局部物理学受到整个宇宙的非局部影响，并擅自将局部（"牛顿水桶"）与我们可见的宇宙相提并论，而将整个宇宙（"马赫固定恒星"）与我们视界之外的全球宇宙相提并论。最重要的是，我们允许这两者具有不同的性质，这样我们就超越了传统的 FRW 设定。为了明确起见，我们把重点放在非局域性产生于物理定律演变的理论上，即与自然常数对偶的空间全局时间变量。由于非局部理论依赖于褶皱，因此失去了{局部}（而非全局）哈密顿约束。这不仅在非局部性发生时是如此，在非局部性停止后也是如此：局部哈密顿约束只能恢复到一个时间常数，保持对过去非局部性的整合记忆。我们证明，这个积分常数等同于在保留本地哈密顿约束的基础上，增加了一种额外的流体，其宇宙学性质与传统的无压暗物质相同。这种等效性在聚类特性上被打破了，新的成分会吸引其他物质，但不会离开它的位置。这就是终极的 "上色暗物质"，吸引但不被吸引，并固定了一个首选框架。

42. Novel knotted non-abelian gauge fieldsid:2401.07707:id在线阅读
Horatiu Nastase, Jacob Sonnenschein
In analogy to null electromagnetic fields we define null YM fields. We show that the null non-abelian $SU(N)$ gauge fields admit a set of $2 N^2$ conserved "helicities". We derive null YM solutions that carry finite helicities by uplifting the abelian Hopfion solution and their generalizations. Another method that we implement is to deform YM solutions which do not carry helicities into ones that have nontrivial helicities. A nontrivial non-Abelian solution with helicities is found as a wave of infinite energy. We also discuss non-abelian generalizations of the Bateman parameterization for null abelian gauge fields.
与空电磁场类似，我们定义了空 YM 场。我们证明，空非阿贝尔$SU(N)$规量场允许一组2 N^2$守恒的"螺旋"。我们通过提升无标度霍普菲恩解及其广义推导出携带有限螺旋的空 YM 解。我们采用的另一种方法是将不带螺旋度的 YM 解变形为具有非三角螺旋度的 YM 解。我们发现，一个带有螺旋的非对等非阿贝尔解是一个能量无穷大的波。我们还讨论了贝特曼参数化的非阿贝尔泛化，适用于空阿贝尔规规场。

43. Role of local anisotropy in hybrid starsid:2405.00072:id在线阅读
Luiz L. Lopes, H. C. Das
Using the Bower-Liang model, we discuss how pressure anisotropies affect the microscopic and macroscopic properties of hybrid stars. We find that anisotropies affect the maximum mass, central density, and radius of the canonical stars. Anisotropies also affect the minimum neutron star mass that presents quarks in their core, as well as the total amount of quarks for the maximally massive stars. We also confront our results with standard constraints, such as the radius and the tidal parameter of the canonical star, as well as the mass and radius of the PSR J0740+6620 pulsar. We observe that moderate values for anisotropies could fulfill these constraints simultaneously. On the other hand, within more extreme degrees of anisotropies, more speculative constraints such as black widow pulsars PSR J0952-0607 and the mass-gap object in the GW190814 event can be explained as hybrid stars. We also investigate the role of anisotropies in the neutron stars' moment of inertia.
利用鲍尔-梁模型，我们讨论了压力各向异性如何影响混合星的微观和宏观特性。我们发现，各向异性会影响典型恒星的最大质量、中心密度和半径。各向异性还会影响在其内核中呈现夸克的最小中子星质量，以及最大质量恒星的夸克总量。我们还将我们的结果与标准约束条件进行了比较，如典型恒星的半径和潮汐参数，以及 PSR J0740+6620 脉冲星的质量和半径。我们观察到，适中的各向异性值可以同时满足这些约束条件。另一方面，在更极端的各向异性范围内，黑寡妇脉冲星 PSR J0952-0607 和 GW190814 事件中的质量间隙天体等更多推测性约束条件可以解释为混合星。我们还研究了各向异性在中子星惯性矩中的作用。